Respiration in Plants Test

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Respiration in Plants Test - 76

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Question 1
1 / -0

When the Respiratory Quotient (R.Q.) is greater than 1, it indicates

A
Only aerobic respiration is taking place

B
Only anaerobic respiration is taking place

C
Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration are taking place

D
None of these

Solution

The respiratory quotient is used in calculations of BMR when estimated from carbon dioxide production. It is calculated from the ratio of carbon dioxide produced by the body to oxygen consumed by the body. A value of 0.7 indicates that lipids are being metabolized, 0.8 for proteins, and 1.0 for carbohydrates. RQ can be used as an indicator of over or underfeeding. Underfeeding, which forces the body to utilize fat stores, will lower the RQ and is marked by an RQ below 0.85, while overfeeding, which causes lipogenesis, will increase it and is indicated by RQ greater than 1.0.
So, the correct option is 'none of these'.
Question 2
1 / -0

During alcoholic fermentation by yeast two molecules of glucose produce.

A
$$2$$ molecules of ethanol $$+2$$ molecules of $$CO_{2}$$

B
$$4$$ molecules of ethanol $$+ 4$$ molecules of $$CO_{2}$$

C
$$6$$ molecules of ethanol $$+ 6$$ molecules of $$CO_{2}$$

D
$$3$$ molecules of ethanol $$+ 3$$ molecules of $$CO_{2}$$

Solution

Alcoholic fermentation is a process of anaerobic respiration in which 2 molecule of glucose is converted to -
4 molecules of ethanol,
4 molecules of carbon dioxide,and
4 ATP.
So, the correct option is '4 molecules of ethanol + 4 molecules of CO$$_2$$'.
Question 3
1 / -0

A Krebs cycle intermediate, which act as a raw material for chlorophyll production is synthesized after

A
Condensation

B
Substrate level phosphorylation

C
Hydration

D
Dehydrogenation

Solution

Succinyl coenzyme A is utilized in the synthesis of porphyrin rings, used in heme manufacture and chlorophyll biosynthesis. It is synthesized from α-ketoglutarate by α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase through oxidative decarboxylation. During this process, coenzyme A is added, and H$$^{+}$$ and CO$$_{2}$$ are released along.
α-Ketoglutarate + NAD$$^{+}$$ + CoA-SH → Succinyl-CoA + NADH + H$$^{+}$$ + CO$$_{2}$$
So, the correct option is 'Dehydrogenation'.
Question 4
1 / -0

Respiratory quotient may be represented as

A
$$O_2$$ taken in $$/ CO_2$$ evolved

B
$$CO_2$$ evolved $$/O_2$$ taken in

C
$$O_2$$ taken in $$/H_2O$$ evolved

D
$$CO_2$$ taken in $$H_2O$$ evolved

Solution

The respiratory quotient is used for measurement of basal metabolic rate when estimated from CO$$_{2}$$ production. It is measured using a respirometer and is calculated as the the ratio of CO$$_{2}$$produced by the body to O$$_{2}$$ consumed by the body.
So, the correct option is 'CO$$_{2}$$ evolved /O$$_{2}$$taken in'
Question 5
1 / -0

Match the number of carbon atoms given in column I with that of the compounds given in column II and select the correct option
Column I
Column II
A $$4 C$$ compound 1 Acetyl Co-A
B $$2 C$$ compound 2 Pyruvate
C $$5 C$$ compound 3 Citric acid
D $$3 C$$ compound 4 $$\alpha - $$ ketoglutaic acid

5 Malic acid

A
A-2, B-5, C-3, D-1

B
A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2

C
A-5, B-1, C-4, D-2

D
A-5, B-3, C-1, D-2

Solution

A. Malic acid is a 4C compound and has the formula C$$_4$$H$$_6$$O$$_5$$.
B. Acetyl Co-A is a 2C compound and consists of two carbon units joined to Co-A.
C. α-ketoglutaric acid is a derivative of glutaric acid and is a 5C compound.
D. Pyruvate is a 3C compound and has the formula C$$_3$$H$$_4$$O$$_3$$.
So, the correct answer is 'A-5, B-1, C-4, D-2'.
Question 6
1 / -0

Acetyl CoA connects

A
EMP and Glycolysis

B
Calvin cycle and EMP

C
Glycolysis and Krebs cycle

D
Krebs cycle and ETS

Solution

The transition reaction connects glycolysis to Krebs cycle by a process called oxidative decarboxylation. Pyruvate (3-carbon molecule) from glycolysis is converted into acetyl-Coenzyme A (2-carbon molecule) and CO$$_{2}$$. When the two pyruvates undergo oxidative decarboxylation, two molecules of NAD$$^{+}$$ become reduced to 2NADH + 2H$$^{+}$$ which carry protons and electrons to the electron transport chain to generate additional ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. The two molecules of acetyl-CoA can now enter the citric acid cycle.
The overall reaction for the transition reaction is:
2 pyruvate + 2 NAD$$^{+}$$ + 2 Coenzyme A → 2 acetyl-CoA + 2 NADH + 2 H$$^{+}$$ + 2 CO$$_{2}$$
So, the correct option is 'Glycolysis and Krebs cycle'.
Question 7
1 / -0

Before entering the TCA cycle, pyruvic acid converted into acetyl CoA. This process is known as

A
Oxidative carboxylation

B
Oxidative dehydration

C
Oxidative decarboxylation

D
Reductive phosphorylation

Solution

Before entering the TCA cycle, pyruvic acid converted into acetyl CoA. This process is known as oxidative decarboxylation. During this step, pyruvic acid loses one carbon atom with the release of carbon dioxide. In this step, NAD$$^+$$ is converted into NADH. This step is catalyzed by pyruate dehydrogenase complex. The acetyl CoA then is converted to oxaloacetate, which enters the TCA cycle.
Thus, the correct answer is 'Oxidative decarboxylation.'
Question 8
1 / -0

Number of oxygen atoms required for aerobic oxidation of pyruvate

A
$$5$$

B
$$8$$

C
$$10$$

D
$$12$$

Solution

Two molecules of pyruvate are formed from the breakdown of glucose at the end of glycolysis. The pyruvate is then converted to acetyl CoA which is further oxidized in the mitochondria. Acetyl CoA enters Krebs cycle and is oxidized to $$CO_2$$, $$H_2O$$, $$ATP$$, $$FADH_2$$ and $$NADH^+$$. This complete oxidation of pyruvate requires 10 molecules of oxygen.
So, the correct answer is '10'
Question 9
1 / -0

By the aerobic respiration of one molecule of glucose, how many $$CO_2$$ molecules produced in the mitochondria but outside the TCA cycle?

A
$$2$$

B
$$4$$

C
$$6$$

D
$$12$$

Solution

The four steps of aerobic respiration are glycolysis, formation of acetyl coA, TCA cycle and the electron transport chain. In this, glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm and TCA cycle takes place in the mitochondria. Before entering the TCA cycle, pyruvic acid is converted into acetyl CoA. This process is known as oxidative decarboxylation. During this step, 2 molecules of pyruvic acid lose one carbon atom each with the release of 2 molecules of carbon dioxide. In this step, 2 molecules of NAD$$^+$$ are converted into 2 molecules of NADH. This step is catalyzed by pyruate dehydrogenase complex. The two molecules of acetyl CoA are then converted into 2 molecules of oxaloacetate, which enter the TCA cycle.
Thus, the correct answer is '2.'
Question 10
1 / -0

Rearrange the sequential order as formed during the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate.
Glucose 6-phosphate, Fructose 6-phosphate, PGA, Pyruvate

A
Glucose 6 phosphate $$\rightarrow$$ Fructose 6 phosphate $$\rightarrow$$ PGA $$\rightarrow$$ Pyruvate

B
Pyruvate $$\rightarrow$$ Glucose 6 phosphate $$\rightarrow$$ Fructose 6 phosphate $$\rightarrow$$ PGA

C
Pyruvate $$\rightarrow$$ Fructose 6 phosphate $$\rightarrow$$ Glucose 6 phosphate $$\rightarrow$$ PGA

D
Glucose 6 phosphate $$\rightarrow$$ PGA $$\rightarrow$$ Fructose 6 phosphate $$\rightarrow$$ Pyruvate

Solution

Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate. There are 10 steps involved in the process of glycolysis. First, the glucose is broken down into glucose-6-phosphate in presence of enzyme hexokinase. Glucose-6-phosphate is then converted into fructose-6-phosphate by the enzyme isomerase. Fructose-6-phosphate is then converted into fructose-1,6-biphosphate by enzyme phosphofructokinase. This fructose-1,6-biphosphate is then broken down into dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyis then converted into 1,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid by enzyme dehydrogenase. A 1,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid is then converted into 3-phosphoglyceric acid by enzyme kinase. A 3-sphosphoglyceric acid is converted into 2-phosphoglyceric acid by enzyme mutase. A 2-phosphoglyceric acid is converted into phosphoenolpyruvic acid by enzyme enolase. This phosphoenolpyruvic acid then forms pyruvate by enzyme kinase.
Thus, the correct answer is 'Glucose 6 phosphate → Fructose 6 phosphate → PGA → Pyruvate.'

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	Column I		Column II
A	$$4 C$$ compound	1	Acetyl Co-A
B	$$2 C$$ compound	2	Pyruvate
C	$$5 C$$ compound	3	Citric acid
D	$$3 C$$ compound	4	$$\alpha - $$ ketoglutaic acid
		5	Malic acid

Respiration in Plants Test - 76

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Respiration in Plants Test - 76

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Question 1

Only aerobic respiration is taking place

Only anaerobic respiration is taking place

Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration are taking place

None of these

Solution

Question 2

$$2$$ molecules of ethanol $$+2$$ molecules of $$CO_{2}$$

$$4$$ molecules of ethanol $$+ 4$$ molecules of $$CO_{2}$$

$$6$$ molecules of ethanol $$+ 6$$ molecules of $$CO_{2}$$

$$3$$ molecules of ethanol $$+ 3$$ molecules of $$CO_{2}$$

Solution

Question 3

Condensation

Substrate level phosphorylation

Hydration

Dehydrogenation

Solution

Question 4

$$O_2$$ taken in $$/ CO_2$$ evolved

$$CO_2$$ evolved $$/O_2$$ taken in

$$O_2$$ taken in $$/H_2O$$ evolved

$$CO_2$$ taken in $$H_2O$$ evolved

Solution

Question 5

A-2, B-5, C-3, D-1

A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2

A-5, B-1, C-4, D-2

A-5, B-3, C-1, D-2

Solution

Question 6

EMP and Glycolysis

Calvin cycle and EMP

Glycolysis and Krebs cycle

Krebs cycle and ETS

Solution

Question 7

Oxidative carboxylation

Oxidative dehydration

Oxidative decarboxylation

Reductive phosphorylation

Solution

Question 8

$$5$$

$$8$$

$$10$$

$$12$$

Solution

Question 9

$$2$$

$$4$$

$$6$$

$$12$$

Solution

Question 10

Glucose 6 phosphate $$\rightarrow$$ Fructose 6 phosphate $$\rightarrow$$ PGA $$\rightarrow$$ Pyruvate

Pyruvate $$\rightarrow$$ Glucose 6 phosphate $$\rightarrow$$ Fructose 6 phosphate $$\rightarrow$$ PGA

Pyruvate $$\rightarrow$$ Fructose 6 phosphate $$\rightarrow$$ Glucose 6 phosphate $$\rightarrow$$ PGA

Glucose 6 phosphate $$\rightarrow$$ PGA $$\rightarrow$$ Fructose 6 phosphate $$\rightarrow$$ Pyruvate

Solution

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