Respiration in Plants Test

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Respiration in Plants Test - 87

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Question 1
1 / -0

The following is a scheme showing the electron transport system. Identify the electron carrier molecules indicated as A and B. Choose the correct option.

A
A- Fe-S protein, B- FMN

B
A- FMN, B- Fe-S protein

C
A- Coenzyme Q, B- Cytochrome c

D
A- Cytochrome c, B- Coenzyme Q

Solution

NADH passes electrons through a flavoprotein to a series of iron-sulfur proteins and finally to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q). Coenzyme Q (represented by A) is a lipid-soluble benzoquinone that serves as an electron carrier and transfers the electrons to cytochrome $$bc_1$$ of complex III. Cytochrome c (represented by B) is a soluble protein that accepts an electron from Complex III and donates them to the binuclear copper center of complex IV. The correct answer is C.
Question 2
1 / -0

Which of the following process produces ATP, NADH and $$FADH_2$$ from pyruvate?

A
Krebs Cycle

B
Electron Transport Chain

C
Fermentation

D
Glycolysis

E
Calvin cycle

Solution

The substance that begins the Krebs cycle is a 3-carbon molecule called as pyruvic acid. The end products of the Krebs cycle for every two molecules of pyruvic acid include 2 ATP molecules, 10 NADH molecules and two FADH$$_2$$ molecules.
Question 3
1 / -0

The given figure illustrates the conversion of glucose into ethanol, a key process of anaerobic energy transformation in some organisms.

The best explanation for this is that

A
Step 1 illustrates that ATP hydrolysis is an energetically favorable exergonic reaction that couples the free energy released when ATP forms ADP and Pi (inorganic phosphate) with the endergonic conversion of glucose into pyruvate.

B
NADH is oxidized during step 1 and reduced during step 3.

C
Step 1 illustrates the phosphorylation of ADP into ATP, which is coupled to the energetically favorable conversion of glucose into pyruvate.

D
In step 1 ATP is oxidized and glucose is reduced, and it is this coupling that provides the energy to drive ethanol production.

Solution

The process of glycolysis is identical in both aerobes and anaerobes to produce pyruvic acid, where two ATP molecules are used for converting Glucose to fructose 1,6 bisphosphate, that is then split into 2, 3 carbon compound pyruvic acid
So, the correct answer is 'Step 1 illustrates the phosphorylation of ADP into ATP, which is coupled to the energetically favorable conversion of glucose into pyruvate'
Question 4
1 / -0

The respiratory quotient during cellular respiration would depend on

A
The nature of enzymes involved.

B
The nature of the substrate.

C
The amount of carbondioxide released.

D
The amount of oxygen utilized.
Solution
Correct option: B
Explanation:
The respiratory quotient is the ratio, which defines the amount of CO2 eliminated to that of O2 consumed.
Thus it is evident that it solely depends on the nature of the substrate.
For example, hexose sugar will have a value of RQ = 1, and fats have an RQ less than one.
During the oxidation of carbohydrates, the amount of oxygen used is equal to the amount of carbon dioxide produced.
Question 5
1 / -0

Pick the reaction from the following where the reduction of FAD$$^+$$ occurs in the reactions of respiration.
(I) Succinic acid $$\rightarrow$$ Fumaric
(II) Malic acid $$\rightarrow$$ Oxaloacetic acid
(III) 2 phosphoglycerate $$\rightarrow$$ Phosphoenol pyruvic acid
(IV) Pyruvic acid $$\rightarrow$$ Acetyl Co-A

A
I

B
II

C
III

D
IV

Solution

The succinate is oxidized to form fumarate in the Krebs cycle. The reaction is carried out by the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase. Succinate loses two hydrogen molecules and two electrons. The two hydrogen molecules are accepted by the FAD$$^+$$ and gets reduced to form FAD$$_2$$.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 6
1 / -0

In respiration, pyruvic acid is

A
Formed only when oxygen is available

B
One of the products of Krebs cycle

C
Broken down into two carbon fragments and CO$$_2$$

D
A result of protein breakdown
Solution
A. Correct option is (C)
B. Explanation for the correct option.
- The last step in glycolysis yields pyruvic acid which is a 3 C compound. Now, this pyruvic acid may undergo anaerobic respiration in absence of oxygen.
- However, in presence of oxygen, it enters Krebs' cycle by undergoing oxidative decarboxylation using pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. This is a link reaction between glycolysis and Krebs' cycle.
- As a result of decarboxylation, pyruvic acid forms Acetyl CoA (2 C compound) and releases $$CO_2$$.
- So the answer is 'Broken down into two-carbon fragments and $$CO_2$$'.
Question 7
1 / -0

In electron transport system in the inner mitochondria membrane, complexes I and IV are respectively

A
NADH dehydrogenase and FADH$$_2$$

B
NADH$$_2$$ and NADH dehydrogenase

C
NADH dehydrogenase and cytochrome-c oxidase

D
NADH dehydrogenase and ATP synthase

Solution

In the inner membrane of the mitochondria, electrons from NADH and FADH$$_2$$ go through the electron transport chain and are transferred to oxygen, which is reduced to H$$_2$$$$O$$. The electron transport chain consists of an enzymatic arrangement of electron donors and acceptors. It includes various electron carriers like complex I, complex Q, complex II, complex III, cytochrome c and complex IV.
Complex I - NADH dehydrogenase or NADH-coenzyme Q reductase.
Complex II - Succinate dehydrogenase or Succinate-CoQ reductase.
Complex III - Coenzyme-Q reductase.
Complex IV - Cytochrome-c oxidase.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Question 8
1 / -0

Mitochondrial matrix has enzymes for

A
Krebs cycle

B
TCA cycle and electron transport

C
Glycolysis and TCA cycle

D
Both B and C.

Solution

All the enzymes except succinate dehydrogenase, require for Krebs cycle are membrane proteins are present in the matrix of the mitochondria.
So the correct option is 'Krebs cycle'.
Question 9
1 / -0

Glycolysis is

A
$$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O$$

B
$$C_6H_{12}O_6 \rightarrow 2C_2H_5OH + 2CO_2$$

C
$$C_6H_{12}O_6 \rightarrow 2C_3H_4O_3 + 4H^+$$

D
$$C_3H_4O_3 + NADH \rightarrow C_2H_5OH + CO_2 + NAD^+$$.

Solution

C$$_6$$H$$_1$$$$_2$$O$$_6$$ gives 2C$$_3$$H$$_4$$O$$_3$$ + 4H+ + ATP is the formula for glycolysis.
So the correct option is 'C$$_6$$H$$_1$$$$_2$$O$$_6$$$$\rightarrow$$2C$$_3$$H$$_4$$O$$_3$$ + 4H+'.
Question 10
1 / -0

Which of the following observations most strongly support the view that mitochondria contain electron transport enzymes aggregated in compact association?

A
Mitochondria have highly folded inner wall.

B
Disruption of mitochondria yields membrane fragments, which are able to synthesise ATP.

C
A contractile protein capable of utilising ATP, which has been obtained from mitochondria.

D
Mitochondria is animal embryos have tendency to concentrate in cells, which are to become locomotory structures.

Solution

In the inner membrane of the mitochondria, electrons from NADH and FADH$$_2$$ go through the electron transport chain to O$$_2$$, to yield water. It consists of a series of reactions that transfer electrons from donors to acceptors and couples this exchange with the transfer of H+ ions across the membrane creating an electrochemical proton gradient which drives the formation of a molecule that stores energy in the form of highly strained bonds. This energy rich molecule is adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The enzyme responsible for ATP synthesis is ATP synthase.
So, the correct answer is option B.

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Respiration in Plants Test - 87

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Respiration in Plants Test - 87

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Question 1

A- Fe-S protein, B- FMN

A- FMN, B- Fe-S protein

A- Coenzyme Q, B- Cytochrome c

A- Cytochrome c, B- Coenzyme Q

Solution

Question 2

Krebs Cycle

Electron Transport Chain

Fermentation

Glycolysis

Calvin cycle

Solution

Question 3

Step 1 illustrates that ATP hydrolysis is an energetically favorable exergonic reaction that couples the free energy released when ATP forms ADP and Pi (inorganic phosphate) with the endergonic conversion of glucose into pyruvate.

NADH is oxidized during step 1 and reduced during step 3.

Step 1 illustrates the phosphorylation of ADP into ATP, which is coupled to the energetically favorable conversion of glucose into pyruvate.

In step 1 ATP is oxidized and glucose is reduced, and it is this coupling that provides the energy to drive ethanol production.

Solution

Question 4

The nature of enzymes involved.

The nature of the substrate.

The amount of carbondioxide released.

The amount of oxygen utilized.

Solution

Question 5

I

II

III

IV

Solution

Question 6

Formed only when oxygen is available

One of the products of Krebs cycle

Broken down into two carbon fragments and CO$$_2$$

A result of protein breakdown

Solution

Question 7

NADH dehydrogenase and FADH$$_2$$

NADH$$_2$$ and NADH dehydrogenase

NADH dehydrogenase and cytochrome-c oxidase

NADH dehydrogenase and ATP synthase

Solution

Question 8

Krebs cycle

TCA cycle and electron transport

Glycolysis and TCA cycle

Both B and C.

Solution

Question 9

$$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O$$

$$C_6H_{12}O_6 \rightarrow 2C_2H_5OH + 2CO_2$$

$$C_6H_{12}O_6 \rightarrow 2C_3H_4O_3 + 4H^+$$

$$C_3H_4O_3 + NADH \rightarrow C_2H_5OH + CO_2 + NAD^+$$.

Solution

Question 10

Mitochondria have highly folded inner wall.

Disruption of mitochondria yields membrane fragments, which are able to synthesise ATP.

A contractile protein capable of utilising ATP, which has been obtained from mitochondria.

Mitochondria is animal embryos have tendency to concentrate in cells, which are to become locomotory structures.

Solution

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