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Plant Growth and Development Test - 40

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Plant Growth and Development Test - 40
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Apical dominance can be overcome by application of 
    Solution
    Cytokinins promote cell division and differentiation of young, relatively unspecialized cells into mature, more specialized cells in intact plants. They are a required ingredient in any plant tissue culture medium and must be present for cells to divide. In tissue culture, cytokinins interact with auxin during the formation of plant organs such as roots and stems. For example, in tobacco tissue culture a high ratio of auxin to cytokinin induces root formation, whereas a low ratio of auxin to cytokinin induces shoot formation. Cytokinins and auxin also interact in the control of apical dominance. Here, their relationship is antagonistic: auxin inhibits the growth of axillary buds, and cytokinin promotes their growth.
    Thus, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Cell elogation in internodal region of the green plants takes place due to 
    Solution
    Gibberellins are a kind of growth promoting plant growth regulators (PGR). There are more than 100 gibberellins reported from widely different organisms such as fungi and higher plants. They are denoted as GA1, GA2, GA3 and so on. However, gibberellic acid (GA3) was one of the first gibberellins to be discovered and remains the most intensively studied form. All GAs are acidic. They produce a wide range of physiological responses in the plants. Their ability to cause an increase in length of axis is used to increase the length of grapes stalks. Ability to cause internodal elongation is the most important characteristic feature of gibberellins. Gibberellins, cause fruits like apple to elongate and improve its shape. They also delay senescence. Thus, the fruits can be left on the tree longer so as to extend the market period.
    Thus, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Pine apple can made to flower in off season by the application of ................
    Solution
    Ethylene is a simple gaseous PGR. It is synthesised in large amounts by tissues undergoing senescence and ripening fruits. Ethylene is used to initiate flowering and for synchronising fruit-set in pineapples. It also induces flowering in mango. Since ethylene regulates so many physiological processes, it is one of the most widely used PGR in agriculture. The most widely used compound as source of ethylene is ethephon. Ethephon in an aqueous solution is readily absorbed and transported within the plant and releases ethylene slowly. Ethephon hastens fruit ripening in tomatoes and apples and accelerates abscission in flowers and fruits (thinning of cotton, cherry, walnut). It promotes female flowers in cucumbers there by increasing the yield.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Recognition of ethylene as a natural plant hormone was done by
    Solution
    Ethylene is highly volatile substance. Most fruits, flowers, leaves of certain plants and fungi produce a small amount of ethylene. The recognition of ethylene produced from these plants was done by Pratt and Goeschl in 1969. 
    The delay of senescence of leaves and other organs of the plants by cytokinins is called as Richmond-Lang effect. It was discovered by Richmond and Lang in 1967.
    Thus, the correct answer is 'Pratt and Goeschl'
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Among the following which helps in early ripening of fruits?
    Solution
    • Ethylene is a simple gaseous plant growth regulator. It is synthesized in large amounts by tissues undergoing senescence and ripening fruits. 
    • Influences of ethylene on plants include horizontal growth of seedlings, swelling of the axis, and apical hook formation in dicot seedlings. 
    • Ethylene promotes senescence and abscission of plant organs, especially of leaves and flowers. Ethylene is highly effective in fruit ripening. 
    • It enhances the respiration rate during the ripening of the fruits. This rise in the rate of respiration is called respiratory climactic.
    Thus, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    A natural growth regulator is 
    Solution
    Ethylene is a simple gaseous plant growth regulator. It is synthesised in large amounts by tissues undergoing senescence and ripening fruits. Influences of ethylene on plants include horizontal growth of seedlings, swelling of the axis and apical hook formation in dicot seedlings. Ethylene promotes senescence and abscission of plant organs especially of leaves and flowers. Ethylene is highly effective in fruit ripening. It enhances the respiration rate during ripening of the fruits. This rise in rate of respiration is called as respiratory climactic.
    Thus, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    IAA mainly inhibits growth of
    Solution
    Auxins are growth promoting phytohormones. They help to initiate rooting in stem cuttings, an application widely used for plant propagation. They help to prevent fruit and leaf drop at early stages but promote the abscission of older mature leaves and fruits. In most higher plants, the growing apical bud inhibits the growth of the lateral (axillary) buds, a phenomenon called as apical dominance. Removal of shoot tips (decapitation) usually results in the growth of lateral buds. It is widely applied in tea plantations and hedge-making.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is a growth inhibitor?
    Solution
    Abscisic acid (ABA) was discovered for its role in regulating abscission and dormancy. But like other PGRs, it also has other wide-ranging effects on plant growth and development. It acts as a general plant growth inhibitor and an inhibitor of plant metabolism under conditions of stress.
    Thus, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following pairs, is not correctly matched?
    Solution
    Correct Answer: C
    Explanation:
    • IAA or Indole acetic acid is the natural auxin and it promotes cell growth which involves cell wall elongation by the formation of new cell wall microfibrils.
    • Under conditions of water stress, there is a rapid rise in the levels of Abscisic acid by 50 times, which causes stomatal closure and brings down the rate of transpiration.
    • Gibberellic acid does not promote leaf fall but enhances leaf growth.
    • As the name suggests, cytokinin is essential for cell division or cytokinesis. It promotes cell division.
    • Hence, the incorrect answer is Gibberellic acid- Leaf fall.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Gibberellins can promotes seed germination because of their influence on 
    Solution
    The embryo of a seed is a rich source of gibberellins. After water is imbibed, the release of gibberellins from the embryo signals the seed to break dormancy and germinate. Some seeds that require particular environmental conditions to germinate, such as exposure to light or low temperatures, break dormancy if they are treated with gibberellins. Gibberellins support the growth of cereal seedlings by stimulating the synthesis of digestive enzymes such as $$\alpha$$-amylase that mobilize stored nutrients.
    Thus, the correct answer is option B.
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