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Plant Growth and Development Test - 71

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Plant Growth and Development Test - 71
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Weekly Quiz Competition
  • Question 1
    1 / -0
     The term 'auxin precursor' refers to _________________.
    Solution
    The major precursor of auxin is amino acid tryptophan from which auxin is synthesized through a certain metabolic pathway naturally.
    So, the correct answer  'raw material used in the synthesis of auxin'
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Examples of tissues that are formed by redifferentiation are
    Solution
    Redifferentiation is the formation of new or differentiated tissue from a already differentiated tissue. During this process cells of parenchymatous tissue undergo dedifferentiation to meristematic tissue. The cells cut off by the meristematic tissue based on the location and function get modified to respective tissues like secondary cortex, secondary xylem and secondary phloem in roots, monocot stem, cork cells etc
    So, the correct answer is 'All of these'

  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Living differentiated cells which have otherwise lost the capacity to divide, can regain the power of division under certain conditions. This phenomenon is termed as
    Solution
    Growth It is an irreversible permanent increase in size of an organ or its parts or even of an individual cell. Development It is the process of whole series of changes which an organism goes through during its life cycle. Meristems The cells of which the capacity to divide and self-perpetuate. Growth Rates The increased growth per unit time is termed as growth rate. Thus, rate of growth can be expressed mathematically. An organism, or a part of the organism can produce more cells in a variety of ways. The growth rate shows an increase that may be arithmetic or geometrical. Differentiation The cells derived from root apical and shoot-apical meristems and cambium differentiate and mature to perform specific functions. This act leading to maturation is termed as differentiation. Dedifferentiation The living differentiated cells, that by now have lost the capacity to divide can regain the capacity of division under certain conditions. This phenomenon is termed as dedifferentiation. For example, formation of meristems; interfascicular cambium and cork cambium from fully differentiated parenchyma cells. Redifferentiation While undergoing dedifferentiation plant cells once again lose their capacity to divide and become mature. This process is called redifferentiation. 

    So, the correct answer is 'Dedifferentiation'.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    If a part of pith from the stem of a plant is used as an explant and cultured on nutrient medium, which of the following processes is responsible for the formation of an undifferentiated mass of cells called callus?
    Solution
    The portion of pith taken as an explant comprises of parenchymatous cells (i.e., simple permanent tissue which have lost the capacity to divide). When such cells are cultured on solid culture media, the parenchymatous cells of pith become meristematic and start dividing resulting in a mass of undifferentiated cells called callus. This is an example of dedifferentiation. 
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
     Which of the following is an example of differentiation?
    Solution
    The cells derived from root apical and shoot apical meristems and cambium differentiate and mature to perform specific functions. This process leading to maturation of cells is termed as differentiation. During differentiation, cells undergo few to major structural changes both in their cell walls and protoplasm e.g., to form a tracheary element the cells would lose their protoplasm, they also develop strong, elastic, lignocellulosic secondary cell walls, to carry water to long distances even under extreme tension. So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Apical dominance in dicot plants is due to the presence of more_________ in the apical bud than in the lateral ones.
    Solution
    Apical dominance is the phenomenon by which presence of apical bud does not allow the nearby lateral buds to grow. When the apical bud is removed, the lateral buds sprout. Apical bud inhibits the growth of lateral buds by releasing auxins. When a plant is decapitated i.e., its apical bud is removed then the lateral buds sprout, resulting in dense bushy growth. This phenomenon is widely used in the tea plucking and hedge making.
    So, the correct answer is 'Auxin'.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Select the pair that consists of plant growth promoters only.
    Solution
    Auxins and cytokinins are plant growth promoters, the roles played by auxin and cytokinin are as follows.
    Auxins: Cell enlargement and longitudinal growth of root and shoot.
                 Reactivation of cambium in the growth season, that is, responsible for secondary growth, promotes apical dominance and parthenocarpy, inhibits abcission.
    Cytokinins: induces morphogenesis that is differentiation of cells into tissues and organs.delays senescence, breaks dormancy and promotes seed germination, enhances expression of a sexual characteristic- femaleness in some plants.
    Auxin/cytokinin ratio influences root and shoot formation and growth
    So, the correct answer is 'Auxins and cytokinins'
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Cytokinins are mostly ____________.
    Solution
    Cytokinins are plant growth hormones which are basic in nature, either amino purine or phenyl urea derivatives, that promote cytokinesis (= cell division) either alone or in conjunction with auxin. Kinetin, a synthetic cytokinin, is 6-furfuryl amino purine. Zeatin, a natural cytokinin, is 6-hydroxy 3-methyl trans 2-butenyl amino purine.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Gibberellin was first extracted from _____________.
    Solution
    In Japan (in early 1800's), certain rice plants suffers from bakanae (foolish seedling) disease. Such rice plants were thin, pale green, spindle shaped, longer by 50% than the healthy plants, and were sterile. The disease was found by Hori and Kurosawa to be caused by a fungus. Gibberella fujikori. The fungus is the perfect stage of Fusarium moniliforme.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    internodal elongation is stimulated by ______________.
    Solution
    Internodal elongation is stimulated by gibberellins, the increase in internodal length is due to cell elongation and not cell division. On treatment with gibberellins physiological changes take place in the cells of the internodal region increasing their length 3-4 times the original. 
    This property is used in agriculture to enhance the yield from sugarcane.
    So, the correct answer is 'gibberellin'
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