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Plant Growth and Development Test - 79

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Plant Growth and Development Test - 79
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  • Question 1
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    A hormone found in a gaseous state is?
    Solution
    Ethylene is a gaseous hormone, that controls senescence and fruit ripening.
    So, the correct answer is 'Ethylene'
  • Question 2
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    Formation of which tissue is example of dedifferentiation?
    Solution
    Differentiation is the ability of the cells to get specialised. Dedifferentiation is the ability of the cells which can regain its capacity for cell division under certain conditions. Formation of interfascicular cambium and cork cambium from fully differentiated parenchyma cells is an example of dedifferentiation.
    So, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 3
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    Stem elongation caused by
    Solution
    Auxin and gibberellin are growth promoting phytohormones. Auxin word is derived from Greek 'auxein'  meaning to grow. The term auxin is applied to the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and to other natural and synthetic compounds having certain growth regulating properties. They are generally produced by the growing apices of the stems and roots, from where they migrate to the regions of their action. Gibberellic acid (GA3) was one of the first gibberellins to be discovered and remains the most intensively studied form. All GAs are acidic. They produce a wide range of physiological responses in the plants. Their ability to cause an increase in length of axis is used to increase the length of grapes stalks. Gibberellins, cause fruits like apple to elongate and improve its shape.
  • Question 4
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    Auxin-B was first isolated by 
    Solution
    Auxin B was first isolated by Kogl, Erxlaben and Haagen-Smith. Auxin is a general name for a group of hormones that are involved with growth responses. The term 'auxin' is derived from the Greek word 'to increase or grow'. This was one of the first group of plant hormones discovered.
  • Question 5
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    Antiauxin used in picking cotton balls is .........
    Solution
    Antiauxins are sprayed on the cotton plants to defoliate, hence facilitate machine picking of cotton balls. These auxins are not naturally found in plants. Examples of antiauxins are: NPA - 1-N-Naphthylphthalamic acid and TIBA - 2,3,5-Triiodobenzoic acid are auxin transport inhibitors.
  • Question 6
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    The common biosynthetic inhibitor of gibberellic acid is 
    Solution
    GA production in Fusarium moniliforme (Gibberella fujikuroi) is supressed by adding the plant growth retardant CCC {(2-chloroethyl)trimethylammoniumchloride} to culture the medium. A concentration of 0.1mg/l of CCC causes 50% inhibition, whereas, 10mg/l and higher concentrations fully suppress GA production.
  • Question 7
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    Commonly used auxin in callus and suspension cultures is 
    Solution
    Napthalene acetic acid (NAA): Is a colourless solid soluble in organic solvents. It is a synthetic plant hormone in the auxin family and is toxic to plants at higher concentrations. NAA has been shown to greatly increase cellulose fiber formation in plants when paired with another phytohormone called as gibberellic acid. It prevents premature falling or thinning of fruits from the stem.
    Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA): This is also a plant hormone and belong to the auxin family. Plays a role in root induction and callus formation during micropropagation.
    2, 4, 5-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid: A synthetic auxin, is a chlorophenoxy acetic acid herbicide used to defoliate broad-leafed plants.
    Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2-4 D): Most common systemic herbicide used in the control of broad leaf weeds.
    Abscisic acid: Owes its names to its role in the abscission of plant leaves.
    Thus, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 8
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    Kinetin was first isolated and identified by
    Solution
    Kinetin is a type of cytokinin, a class of plant hormone that promotes cell division. Kinetin was originally isolated by Miller and Skoog et al., as compound from autoclaved herring sperm DNA that had cell division-promoting activity.
  • Question 9
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    The following experiment was performed to test the effect of auxin on plant growth: Study and answer question.

    The auxin was dissolved in a gelatin block; gelatin does not affect the biological activity of the auxin. Several plant seedlings were prepared in a gelatin block; gelatin does not affect the biological, activity of the auxin. Several plant seedlings were prepared as described above and growth was measured every 5 days.

    Based on the results of the experiment, one can conclude that the tip of the plant contains ....................

    In a separate experiment, an auxin/gelatin block applied to only half the cut edge of the tip caused the plant to grow and bend in the opposite direction. For example, if the auxin/gelatin block was applied to the left side of the cut edge, the plant grew and bent toward the light.

    Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this observation?

    Solution
    If gelatin/auxin block was applied to the left side of the cut edge, the plant will grow and bend towards the light. This will result in the mitotic cell division on the opposite side of the plant. Thus the plant will bend towards the light. When a coleoptile tip that has previously been illuminated from one side is placed on two separated agar blocks, the block on the side that had been shaded accumulates almost twice as much auxin as the block on the previously lighted side. Auxin is the phytohormone which promotes cell division.
  • Question 10
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    Which of the growth substance acts a stimulant during nodule formation in leguminous plant?
    Solution
    Auxins are growth promoting phytohormones. Thimann, 1939, suggested that IAA is the stimulatory material for nodule formation because it is produced by Rhizobium. However, many soil microorganisms are capable of forming IAA without the production of nodule. Nodule formation appears to be a result of complex interplay between host plant and the bacterium.
    Thus, the correct answer is option C.
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