Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 11

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 11

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Question 1
1 / -0

Conditioning of inspiratory air in mammals occurs in

A
Trachea

B
Larynx

C
Bronchioles

D
Nasal chambers

Solution

Nasal cavity opens to outside through external nares or nostrils. Nasal cavity occurs between palate and cranium. Nasal cavity is divisible into two nasal chambers by a nasal septum. Each nasal chamber has three parts - (a) Vestibule- It has hairs to filter out the dust particles, (b) Conditioner - respiratory region. It has bony projections and sinuses. It is abundant in blood capillaries, (c) Olfactory region- perceives sense of smell. The two nasal cavities condition the air to be received by the other areas of the respiratory tract.
Question 2
1 / -0

The structures participating in the inhalation are:

A
Diaphragm and internal intercostal muscles

B
Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles

C
Abdominal muscles and intercostal muscles

D
All of the above

Solution

During inhalation, the external intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract simultaneously. This causes the thorax to expand and inflates the lungs by creating a negative pressure inside the thoracic cavity. When inspiratory muscles contract, the diaphragm will descend and external intercostals will raise the rib cage. Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Question 3
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Diffusion of the gases is affected at alveolar level in all the following conditions except

A
Emphysema

B
Tuberculosis

C
Lung fibrosis

D
Asthma
Question 4
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The percentage of CO$$_2$$ which combines with water molecules of the blood and is carried in the form of carbonic acid is

A
10%

B
30%

C
50%

D
70%

Solution

Blood is the medium of transport for oxygen and carbon dioxide. About 97% of oxygen is transported by RBCs in the blood. The remaining 3% of oxygen is carried in a dissolved state through the plasma. Nearly 20-25% of carbon dioxide is transported by RBCs whereas 70% of it is carried as bicarbonate ions. About 7% of carbon dioxide is carried in a dissolved state through plasma. 10% of the carbon dioxide is carried in form of carbonic acid.
Question 5
1 / -0

If the skin of the earthworm becomes dry, it dies due to

A
Asphyxia

B
Starvation

C
Intoxication

D
Dehydration

Solution

In cutaneous respiration, the skin functions as respiratory surface, e.g., earth worm, leech and frog. For cutaneous respiration, the skin is thin, moist and vascular. The whole skin is involved in earthworm and frog in exchange of gases. If the skin becomes dry, exchange of gases is not possible and animal dies of asphyxia.
Hence the correct option is A.
Question 6
1 / -0

Which one of the following is not true for formation of oxyhaemoglobin?

A
pH is around 6

B
Favoured at relatively lower temperature than other body organs

C
High $${pO_2}$$ and low $${pCO_2}$$

D
High $${pO_2}$$ and high haemoglobin

Solution

Most of the oxygen transported is bound to hemoglobin. Hemoglobin binds oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin. In lung alveoli, oxygen combines with hemoglobin to form oxyhemoglobin. The conditions favourable for formation of hemoglobin are high partial pressure of oxygen, low partial pressure of carbon dioxide, low concentration of protons, low temperature.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
Question 7
1 / -0

Which of the following pairs of reactions occurs most frequently in the blood surrounding the structure shown?

A
$${Hb+O_2\rightarrow HbO_2 }$$ and $${HHb \rightarrow Hb}$$

B
$${HbO_2 \rightarrow Hb+O_2}$$ and $${Hb + H^+ \rightarrow HHb}$$

C
$${H^{+} + HB \rightarrow HHb}$$ and $${H_2CO_3 \rightarrow HCO_3 +H^+}$$

D
$${CO_2 + H_2 O \rightarrow H_2 CO_3}$$ and $${H_2 CO_3 \rightarrow HCO_3 +H ^ +}$$

Solution

The given structure is of alveolar tissue. External respiration takes place in the lungs. External respiration is the exchange of gases between the alveoli of the lungs and the blood. In this, external air is taken into the body in order to supply the lungs with oxygen and carbon dioxide is expelled out from the body. The chemical reaction of external respiration is
Hb + O$$_2$$ → HbO$$_2$$
HHb → H$$^+$$ + Hb
HbCO$$_2$$ → Hb + CO$$_2$$
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 8
1 / -0

The pneumotaxic center which can moderate the functions of the respiratory rhythm center is present in:

A
Pons region of brain

B
Thalamus

C
Spinal cord

D
Right cerebral hemisphere

E
Left cerebral hemisphere

Solution

The pneumotaxic center, also known as the pontine respiratory group (PRG), is a network of neurons in the rostral dorsal lateral pons. It is a considered an antagonist to the apneustic center, which produces abnormal breathing during inhalation.
Question 9
1 / -0

What is the approximate normal composition of alveolar air?

A
14% oxygen, 6% carbon dioxide, 80% nitrogen

B
21% oxygen, 2% carbon dioxide, 77% nitrogen

C
16% oxygen, 3% carbon dioxide, 81% nitrogen

D
10% oxygen, 8% carbon dioxide, 82% nitrogen

Solution

The gaseous exchange occurs directly between blood and lung alveoli. The approximate percentage of gases in alveolar air are oxygen: 13-14%, carbon dioxide: 5-6%, nitrogen: 79% and the air is saturated with water vapour.
In inhaled air, oxygen content: 20%, carbon dioxide: 0.04%, nitrogen: 79% and the water vapour content is variable.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
Question 10
1 / -0

The alveoli in human lung are

A
3 crore

B
300 million

C
350,000

D
5 lakhs

Solution

Alveoli are the site of respiration inside the lungs. The human lungs have 300 million alveoli with a total area of about $${100 m^2}$$ which is 50 times than that of the skin surface.
So, the correct answer is option B.

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 11

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 11

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Trachea

Larynx

Bronchioles

Nasal chambers

Solution

Question 2

Diaphragm and internal intercostal muscles

Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles

Abdominal muscles and intercostal muscles

All of the above

Solution

Question 3

Emphysema

Tuberculosis

Lung fibrosis

Asthma

Question 4

10%

30%

50%

70%

Solution

Question 5

Asphyxia

Starvation

Intoxication

Dehydration

Solution

Question 6

pH is around 6

Favoured at relatively lower temperature than other body organs

High $${pO_2}$$ and low $${pCO_2}$$

High $${pO_2}$$ and high haemoglobin

Solution

Question 7

$${Hb+O_2\rightarrow HbO_2 }$$ and $${HHb \rightarrow Hb}$$

$${HbO_2 \rightarrow Hb+O_2}$$ and $${Hb + H^+ \rightarrow HHb}$$

$${H^{+} + HB \rightarrow HHb}$$ and $${H_2CO_3 \rightarrow HCO_3 +H^+}$$

$${CO_2 + H_2 O \rightarrow H_2 CO_3}$$ and $${H_2 CO_3 \rightarrow HCO_3 +H ^ +}$$

Solution

Question 8

Pons region of brain

Thalamus

Spinal cord

Right cerebral hemisphere

Left cerebral hemisphere

Solution

Question 9

14% oxygen, 6% carbon dioxide, 80% nitrogen

21% oxygen, 2% carbon dioxide, 77% nitrogen

16% oxygen, 3% carbon dioxide, 81% nitrogen

10% oxygen, 8% carbon dioxide, 82% nitrogen

Solution

Question 10

3 crore

300 million

350,000

5 lakhs

Solution

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