Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 13

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 13

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Question 1
1 / -0

Respiration is performed by intestine in

A
Toad Pipa

B
Fish - Misgurnus

C
Tortoise

D
Toad Xenopus

Solution

The Bony fish Misgurnus can exchange gases both with water, via gills and skin and with air, via the posterior region of the alimentary canal (intestine). Air breathing occurs by unidirectional ventilation of the alimentary canal with air taken in at the mouth, passes through the entire intestine and finally passes out through the anus. The alimentary canal is divided into three zones, an anterior glandular portion separated by a spiral section from the posterior, respiratory zone which has the greatest capillary densities and has highly vascular membrane and also has shortest gas diffusion distances modified for aerial respiration.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
Question 2
1 / -0

Any material entering the trachea causes

A
Vomiting

B
Coughing

C
Sneezing

D
Regurgitation

Solution

Coughing is an airway reflex mediated by airway receptors, that react to either pressure or chemical stimuli. The function of coughing is to assist the removal of material from the airways. This material may have been inhaled or produced in the airways. Coughing also prevents additional inhalation of material, or movement of inhaled material into the peripheral airways. Once material comes in contact with ciliated epithelium, it is transported by ciliary beating towards the trachea, where there is the highest density of cough receptors. Coughing then propels the material into the oropharynx, where it is swallowed. Coughing is an extremely important protective mechanism for the respiratory system.
Question 3
1 / -0

Pick the correct match.
List I List II
A ERV p 2400 ml
B TV q 3000 ml
C IRV r 500 ml
D FRC s 1100 ml
t 1000 ml

A
A-s,B-r,C-q,D-p

B
A-p,B-s,C-q,D-t

C
A-t,B-r,C-p,D-s

D
A-s,B-r,C-q,D-t

Solution

Spirometer is the instrument which can be used to measure various respiratory volumes. The important respiratory volumes are
Tidal Volume (TV): Volume of air inspired or expired during a normal respiration. It is approx. 500 mL.
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV): Additional volume of air, a person can inspire by a forcible inspiration. This averages 2500 mL to 3000 mL.
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV): Additional volume of air, a person can expire by a forcible expiration. This averages 1000 mL to 1100 mL.
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC): Volume of air that will remain in the lungs after a normal expiration. This includes ERV+RV ie 2100 to 2400 ml..
Question 4
1 / -0

In a resting person, saturation of haemoglobin as blood leaves the tissue capillaries is approximately

A
75%

B
40%

C
3%

D
46%

Solution

The partial pressure in deoxygenated blood returning from body tissue is about 40mm Hg and . at this $${P_{O_{2}}}$$, the saturation of haemoglobin is about 70 to 75%.
Question 5
1 / -0

Scavenger cells of alveoli is called as

A
Melanophage

B
Monocytes / macrophage

C
Dust cell

D
Microglial cell

Solution

An alveolar macrophage or dust cell is a type of macrophage found in the pulmonary alveolus, near the pneumocytes, but separated from the wall. The activity of the alveolar macrophage is relatively high, because they are located at one of the major boundaries between the body and the outside world. Dust cells is the another name for monocyte derivatives in the lungs, that reside on respiratory surfaces and clean off particles, such as dust or microorganisms.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Question 6
1 / -0

Which of the following statements are true/false?
(1) The blood transports $${CO_2}$$ comparatively easily because of its higher solubility.
(2) Approximately 8.9 % of $${CO_2}$$ is transported being dissolved in the plasma of blood.
(3) The carbon dioxide produced by the tissues,diffuses passively into the blood stream and passes into red blood corpuscles and react with water to form $${H_2 CO_3}$$.
(4) The oxyhaemoglobin($${HbO_2}$$) of the erythrocytes is basic.
(5) The chloride ions diffuse from plasma into the erythrocytes to maintain ionic balance.

A
A, C and E are true, B and D are false.

B
A,C and E are false, B and D are true.

C
A ,B and D are true, C and E are false

D
A ,B and D are false,C and E are true.

E
A,B and C are true, D and E are false.

Solution

The blood transports $${CO_{2}}$$ comparatively easily because of its higher solubility. About 5-7% of carbon dioxide is transported, being dissolved in the plasma of blood. The carbon dioxide produced by the tissues, diffuses passively into the blood stream and passes into red blood corpuscles and react with water to form $${H_{2}CO_{3}}$$. The RBCs contain an enzyme carbonic anhydrase which accelerates this reaction. Therefore, when $${CO_{2}}$$ enters the RBCs carbonic acid is formed more rapidly and in larger quantity than in plasma. 5% of the total $${CO_{2}}$$ production is carried as carbonic acid.
The oxyhaemoglobin$${HbO_{2}}$$ of the erythrocytes is not basic. The study of oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve and the effect on it due to change in pH and $${CO_{2}}$$ concentration, is a certain proof of acidic nature of oxyhaemoglobin.
The chloride ions diffuse from plasma into the erythrocytes to maintain ionic balance, when bicarbonate ions diffuse out from the RBCs into the plasma, this is called as "Hamburger's phenomenon or chloride shift".
Thus, from the above discussion it is clear that A, C and E are true, B and D are false.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
Question 7
1 / -0

Choose from the following the correct match of the two lists.
List I (Example) List II (Respiration)
A Earthworm 1 Pulmonary
B Human 2 Branchial
C Prawn 3 Tracheal
D Insects 4 Cutaneous

A
A- 1, B- 2, C- 3, D- 4

B
A- 4, B- 2, C- 1, D- 3

C
A- 4, B- 1, C- 2, D- 3

D
A- 3, B- 2, C- 4, D- 1

Solution

Earthworm - Earthworms have no special respiratory organs. Gases are exchanged through the moist skin and capillaries. Water, as well as salts, can also be moved through the skin by active transport. This type of respiration is termed as "cutaneous respiration".
Human - In humans respiration is through lungs and is termed as "pulmonary respiration". The mechanism of pulmonary respiration includes breathing movement, exchange of gases in lungs, transport of gases by blood and exchange of gases in tissues.
Prawn - In prawn gills are the chief respiratory organs, which are enclosed in a gill chamber on each side of the cephalothorax and are covered by a carapace. Fresh water enters the gill chamber in the form of a current. The highly vascularised gill-plates are covered with permeable membrane for the passage of gases. The respiration through gills is called as "branchial respiration".
Insects - The respiratory system of insects is a complex network of tubes called the "tracheal system", which delivers oxygen-containing air to every cell of the body. Air enters the insect's body through valve-like openings in the exoskeleton, called spiracles. After passing through a spiracle, air enters a longitudinal tracheal trunk, eventually diffusing throughout a complex, branching network of tracheal tubes, that subdivides into smaller and smaller diameters and reaches every part of the body. At the end of each tracheal branch, a special cell (the tracheole) provides a thin, moist interface for the exchange of gasses between atmospheric air and a living cell.
Question 8
1 / -0

A hibernating frog respires with

A
Lung

B
Diaphragm

C
Buccal epithelium

D
Skin

Solution

A hibernating frog respires with skin. A frog's skin is protective, has a respiratory function, can absorb water and helps control body temperature. It has many glands, particularly on the head and back, which often exude distasteful and toxic substances. The secretion is often sticky and helps keep the skin moist, protects against the entry of moulds and bacteria, and make the animal slippery and more able to escape from predators. The skin is shed every few weeks. The skin of a frog is permeable to oxygen and carbon dioxide, as well as to water. There are blood vessels near the surface of the skin and when a frog is underwater, oxygen diffuses directly into the blood.
Question 9
1 / -0

Alveoli has

A
Yellow fibrous connective tissue.

B
White fibrous connective tissue.

C
Areolar connective tissue.

D
Adipose connective tissue.

Solution

Correct option: A
Explanation:
The alveoli yellow fibrous is mainly known as connective tissue for support.
There are four types of animal tissues epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue, and neural tissue.
Connective tissue is categorized into loose and dense connective tissue.
Dense connective tissue includes the yellow fibrous connective tissue and white fibrous connective tissue. White fibrous connective tissue is mainly seen in tendons sheaths etc. Yellow fibrous connective tissue is seen in ligaments, respiratory pathways, etc. The respiratory pathway contains a large number of yellow elastic fibres that are nearly arranged. Hence, Yellow fibrous connective tissue is the correct answer.
.
Question 10
1 / -0

The major bulk of carbon dioxide($${CO_2}$$) in our body is present in the blood as

A
Bicarbonate in blood plasma and RBCs

B
70 % Carbamino compounds and 30 % as Bicarbonate

C
Carbamino- haemoglobin in RBCs

D
Gaseous form in blood plasma

Solution

The majority of carbon dioxide molecules are carried as part of the bicarbonate buffer system. In this system, carbon dioxide diffuses into the red blood cells. Carbonic anhydrase within the red blood cells quickly converts the carbon dioxide into carbonic acid. Carbonic acid is unstable, that immediately dissociates into bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions. Since carbon dioxide is quickly converted into bicarbonate ions, this reaction allows for the continued uptake of carbon dioxide into the blood, down its concentration gradient.

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Re-Attempt Weekly Quiz Competition

	List I		List II
A	ERV	p	2400 ml
B	TV	q	3000 ml
C	IRV	r	500 ml
D	FRC	s	1100 ml
		t	1000 ml

	List I (Example)		List II (Respiration)
A	Earthworm	1	Pulmonary
B	Human	2	Branchial
C	Prawn	3	Tracheal
D	Insects	4	Cutaneous

Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 13

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 13

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Toad Pipa

Fish - Misgurnus

Tortoise

Toad Xenopus

Solution

Question 2

Vomiting

Coughing

Sneezing

Regurgitation

Solution

Question 3

A-s,B-r,C-q,D-p

A-p,B-s,C-q,D-t

A-t,B-r,C-p,D-s

A-s,B-r,C-q,D-t

Solution

Question 4

75%

40%

3%

46%

Solution

Question 5

Melanophage

Monocytes / macrophage

Dust cell

Microglial cell

Solution

Question 6

A, C and E are true, B and D are false.

A,C and E are false, B and D are true.

A ,B and D are true, C and E are false

A ,B and D are false,C and E are true.

A,B and C are true, D and E are false.

Solution

Question 7

A- 1, B- 2, C- 3, D- 4

A- 4, B- 2, C- 1, D- 3

A- 4, B- 1, C- 2, D- 3

A- 3, B- 2, C- 4, D- 1

Solution

Question 8

Lung

Diaphragm

Buccal epithelium

Skin

Solution

Question 9

Yellow fibrous connective tissue.

White fibrous connective tissue.

Areolar connective tissue.

Adipose connective tissue.

Solution

Question 10

Bicarbonate in blood plasma and RBCs

70 % Carbamino compounds and 30 % as Bicarbonate

Carbamino- haemoglobin in RBCs

Gaseous form in blood plasma

Solution

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