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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 15

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 15
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Ratio of oxyhaemoglobin and haemoglobin in blood is based upon
    Solution
    Under high partial pressure, oxygen easily binds with haemoglobin in the pulmonary blood capillaries (lung capillaries) to form oxyhaemoglobin.
    $${Hb +O_{2}\rightarrow HbO_{2}}$$
    and  when this oxygenated blood reaches the different tissues, the partial pressure of oxygen declines as a result of which oxygen is released from the capillaries into the tissues. The tissue consumes the oxygen from the blood, and then the deoxygenated blood is carried back to lungs. Here, the haemoglobinic acid [H(Hb)] dissociates into haemoglobin and hydrogen ions.
    $${HHb\rightarrow Hb +  H^{+}}$$
    The hydrogen ions then reacts with bicarbonate ions to form carbonic acid, which ultimately splits into carbon dioxide and water and then the carbondioxide is expired out through lungs.
    Thus the r    atio of oxyhaemoglobin and haemoglobin in blood is based upon oxygen tension.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    The structure which prevents the entry of food into respiratory tract is
    Solution
    The epiglottis is a flexible flap at the superior end of the larynx in the throat. It acts as a switch between the larynx and the esophagus to permit air to enter the airway to the lungs and food to pass into the gastrointestinal tract. The epiglottis also protects the body from choking on food that would normally obstruct the airway.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    If the lungs in thoracic cavity are punctured
    Solution
    In humans, the lungs are situated in the thoracic chamber which is anatomically an air-tight chamber. If the lungs are punctured it will collapse due to the decreased air pressure which will further lead to death.
    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Inhibitory centre and pneumotaxic centre concerned with
    Solution
    • The respiratory centre is made up of three major respiratory groups of neurons, two in the medulla and one in the pons.
    •  In the medulla, they are the dorsal respiratory group and the ventral respiratory group. In the pons, the pontine respiratory group includes two areas known as the pneumotaxic centre and the apneustic centre.
    • The respiratory centre is responsible for generating and maintaining the rhythm of respiration Hence, the Inhibitory centre and pneumotaxic centre are concerned with breathing.
    So, the correct answer is 'breathing'.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Cartilage of Santorini articulates with
    Solution
    The corniculate cartilages (cartilages of Santorini) are two small conical nodules consisting of yellow elastic cartilage, which articulate with the summits of the arytenoid cartilages and serve to prolong them backward and medialward. They are fused with the arytenoid cartilages.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    The covering of lungs in human is
    Solution
    The lungs are surrounded by two membranes, the pleurae. The outer pleura is attached to the chest wall and is known as the parietal pleura; the inner one is attached to the lung and other visceral tissues and is known as the visceral pleura.
    So, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    In frog, cutaneous respiration takes place
    Solution
    Amphibians like frogs have thin moist skin which is richly vascular. This is a type of adaptation for performing cutaneous respiration. In normal conditions, frog shows 35% cutaneous respiration, 9% buccopharyngeal respiration and 56% pulmonary respiration. This type of respiration occurs throughout life.
    Hence the correct option is D.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Right lung of Rabbit has
    Solution
    The lungs are organs of breathing in terrestrial animals like mammals. In humans, right lung is made up of three lobes and left lobe made up of two lobes. The right lung of rabbit is made up of four lobes and the left lung is made up of two lobes.
    Hence the correct option is B.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Larynx open into pharynx by
    Solution
    • The lowest part of pharynx is the laryngopharynx. It has two apertures, the anterior slit is 'glottis', through which it opens into the larynx and the posterior slit is 'gullet', which leads to the oesophagus.
    • Thus, larynx opens into the pharynx by glottis. The glottis bear a leaf-like a cartilaginous flap, called the 'epiglottis'. Epiglottis cover the glottis during swallowing, to prevent the entry of food into it.
      Hence, the correct answer is B.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Each lung is enclosed in a double membrane called as pleura. The membrane which closely covers the lung is
    Solution
    The two human lungs are covered by a double layered pleura, with pleural fluid between them. It reduces friction on the lung surface. The outer pleural membrane (parietal pleura) is in close contact with the thoracic lining whereas the inner pleural membrane (visceral pleura) is in contact with the lung surface.
    So, the correct answer is option B.
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