Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 25

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 25

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Volume of air breathed in or out during normal breathing is called as

A
Vital capacity

B
Inspiratory reserve volume

C
Expiratory reserve volume

D
Tidal volume

Solution

Volume of air breathed in or out during normal breathing is called as tidal volume. Tidal volume is the lung volume representing the normal volume of air displaced between normal inhalation and exhalation when extra effort is not applied. In a healthy, young human adult, tidal volume is approximately 500 mL per inspiration or 7 mL/kg of body mass.
Vital capacity is the maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation. It is equal to the sum of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume. A person's vital capacity can be measured by a wet or regular spirometer.
The inspiratory reserve volume (IRV), about 3,100 ml, is the additional air that can be forcibly inhaled after the inspiration of a normal tidal volume.
The expiratory reserve volume (ERV), about 1,200 ml, is the additional air that can be forcibly exhaled after the expiration of a normal tidal volume.
Question 2
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In alveoli of the lungs, the air at the site of gas exchange, is separated from the blood by

A
Alveolar epithelium only

B
Alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelium

C
Alveolar epithelium, capillary endothelium and tunica adventitia

D
Alveolar epithelium, capillary endothelium, a thin layer of tunica media and tunica adventitia

Solution

Alveoli are small airbags present in the lungs. These are the site of the gas exchange. The oxygen and carbon dioxide gas are separated from the blood by alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelium. Oxygen from the alveoli diffuses through the alveolar epithelium and the capillary endothelium into the blood capillary. Similarly, carbon dioxide from the blood capillary diffuses through the capillary endothelium and the alveolar epithelium into the alveoli. Thus, the correct answer is 'Alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelium.'
Question 3
1 / -0

The volume of thoracic cavity increases during

A
Never

B
Expiration

C
Both A and B

D
Inspiration

Solution

Increase in volume of thoracic cavity is seen in case of inspiration. Inspiration results in flattened diaphragm. The volume of thoracic cavity decreases during expiration and the diaphragm relaxes and comes to its original dome shape.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
Question 4
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The respiratory organ positioned behind the oral and nasal cavity is

A
Pharynx

B
Larynx

C
Trachea

D
None of the above

Solution

Besides the nose, air can enter into the lungs through the mouth. The pharynx is a tubular structure, positioned behind the oral and nasal cavities, that allows air to pass from the mouth to the lungs. The pharynx contains three parts the nasopharynx, which connects the upper part of the throat with the nasal cavity; the oropharynx, positioned between the top of the epiglottis and the soft palate; and the laryngopharynx, located below the epiglottis.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
Question 5
1 / -0

Which of the following match is correct?

A
Emphysema: Reduction of surface area of alveoli and bronchi

B
Pneumonia: Occupational disease with asbestos

C
Silicosis: Inflammation of alveoli

D
Asthma: Excessive secretion of bronchial mucus

Solution

Emphysema is one of the diseases that comprises of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It involves gradual damage of lung tissue, specifically thinning and destruction of the alveoli or air sacs.
Pneumonia causes inflammation in lung’s air sacs or alveoli.
Silicosis is a lung fibrosis caused by the inhalation of dust containing silica.
Asthma is a respiratory condition marked by attacks of spasm in the bronchi of the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing. It is usually connected to allergic reaction or other forms of hypersensitivity.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
Question 6
1 / -0

Energy is provided to living beings by the process of?

A
Digestion

B
Respiration

C
Regulation

D
Reproduction

Solution

Respiration is the process in which nutrients are converted into useful energy in a cell. It is responsible for transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells and the external environment.
So the correct answer is option B.
Question 7
1 / -0

Carboxyhaemoglobin can transport

A
8 ml of CO$$_2$$/100 ml blood

B
5 ml of CO$$_2$$/100 ml blood

C
3 ml of CO$$_2$$/100 ml blood

D
2 ml of CO$$_2$$/100 ml blood

Solution
Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood from the tissue to the lungs in three ways: (i) dissolved in a solution; (ii) buffered with water as carbonic acid; (iii) bound to proteins, particularly oxyhemoglobin.
Nearly 20-25 percent of $$CO_2$$ is transported by RBCs whereas 70 percent of it is carried as bicarbonate. About 7 percent of $$CO_2$$ is carried in a dissolved state through the plasma.
Carboxyhaemoglobin can transport 3 ml of $$CO_2$$/100 ml blood.

Question 8

1 / -0

Which of the following is a respiratory disease?

Polio

Arthritis

Asthma

Cancer

Solution

Asthma is respiratory disease marked by attacks of spasms in the bronchi of the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing. Polio effects the nervous system. Arthritis is joint pain associated with bones and cancer can be of many kind (blood, cervical, breast, lymph, etc). Therefore, answer is asthma.

Question 9

1 / -0

Person living at sea level has _________ lung capacity than a person living at high altitudes.

Smaller

Higher

Equal

None of the above

Solution

A person who is born and lives at sea level will develop a slightly smaller lung capacity than a person who spends their life at a high altitude. This is because the partial pressure of oxygen is lower at higher altitude which, as a result means that oxygen less readily diffuses into the bloodstream. In response to higher altitude, the body's diffusing capacity increases in order to process more air.

Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Question 10

1 / -0

The average lung capacity is

7 litres

6 litres

9 litres

5 litres

Solution

Tidal Volume (TV): Volume of air inspired or expired during normal respiration. It is approx. 500 mL., i.e., a healthy man can inspire or expire approximately 6000 to 8000mL of air per minute. Lung volumes and lung capacities refer to the volume of air in the lungs at different phases of the respiratory cycle. An average human respiratory rate is 30-60 breaths per minute at birth and decreasing to 12-20 breaths per minute in adults. The average total lung capacity of an adult human male is about 6 litres of air. Hence, the average lung capacity is 6 liters.

So, the correct answer is '6 liters'.

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 25

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 25

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Vital capacity

Inspiratory reserve volume

Expiratory reserve volume

Tidal volume

Solution

Question 2

Alveolar epithelium only

Alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelium

Alveolar epithelium, capillary endothelium and tunica adventitia

Alveolar epithelium, capillary endothelium, a thin layer of tunica media and tunica adventitia

Solution

Question 3

Never

Expiration

Both A and B

Inspiration

Solution

Question 4

Pharynx

Larynx

Trachea

None of the above

Solution

Question 5

Emphysema: Reduction of surface area of alveoli and bronchi

Pneumonia: Occupational disease with asbestos

Silicosis: Inflammation of alveoli

Asthma: Excessive secretion of bronchial mucus

Solution

Question 6

Digestion

Respiration

Regulation

Reproduction

Solution

Question 7

8 ml of CO$$_2$$/100 ml blood

5 ml of CO$$_2$$/100 ml blood

3 ml of CO$$_2$$/100 ml blood

2 ml of CO$$_2$$/100 ml blood

Solution

Question 8

Polio

Arthritis

Asthma

Cancer

Solution

Question 9

Smaller

Higher

Equal

None of the above

Solution

Question 10

7 litres

6 litres

9 litres

5 litres

Solution

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