Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 28

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 28

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Question 1
1 / -0

Which of the following is not associated with respiratory system?

A
Ciliated nasal membranes warm, moisten, and filter inspired air

B
Contraction of the diaphragm enlarges the thoracic cavity

C
When the thoracic cavity enlarges, the pressure of air within the lungs fails

D
When the pressure of air within the lungs is less than the atmospheric pressure, air will flow out of the lungs

E
The respiratory process consists of inspiratory and expiratory acts following one another
Solution
- The process of breathing ) is divided into two distinct phases, inspiration and expiration occur simultaneously.
- Inspiration can occur if the pressure within the lungs (intra-pulmonary pressure) is less than the atmospheric pressure,
- Inspiration is initiated by the contraction of a diaphragm which increases the volume of the thoracic chamber in the anteroposterior axis. The contraction of external inter-costal muscles lifts up the ribs and the sternum causing an increase in the volume of the thoracic chamber in the dorsoventral axis.
- The overall increase in the thoracic volume causes a similar increase in pulmonary volume. An increase in pulmonary volume decreases the intrapulmonary pressure to less than the atmospheric pressure which forces the air from outside to move into the lungs. Hence, When the pressure of air within the lungs is less than the atmospheric pressure, air will not flow out of the lungs.
So, the correct answer is 'When the pressure of air within the lungs is less than the atmospheric pressure, air will flow out of the lungs'.
Question 2
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The given graph shows the results of the comparison of binding of human hemoglobin and myoglobin to oxygen at different oxygen pressures.

The greatest difference in oxygen saturation between hemoglobin and myoglobin takes place at which of the following pressure?

A
$$1 kPa$$

B
$$2 kPa$$

C
$$3 kPa$$

D
$$4 kPa$$

E
$$5 kPa$$

Solution

The answer is option A i.e. "1kPa"
Oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations are expressed as partial pressures (measured in kPa). Hemoglobin is a tetramer while myoglobin is a monomer. Myoglobin is an O2 storage protein, whereas hemoglobin is an O2 transport protein. The sigmoidal kinetics although it shows that hemoglobin reaches saturation at similar pressures to myoglobin.
Question 3
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The oxygen taken in during breathing is absorbed into the blood from:

A
Pulmonary artery

B
Pulmonary vein

C
Alveoli

D
Trachea

E
Bronchi

Solution

The respiratory system of mammals primarily functions to exchange the gases, oxygen and carbon dioxide. The inhaled air takes in oxygen which enters the lungs and reaches the alveoli. The alveoli are the sac-like structures which have many capillaries surrounding them. The partial pressure of the oxygen in the alveoli of the lungs is more than the blood flowing in the nearby capillaries. The oxygen readily diffuses from the alveoli to blood in the nearby capillaries in exchange of carbon dioxide due to the partial pressure gradient. The oxygen which is absorbed is distributed to the tissues.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Question 4
1 / -0

The vocal cords are located in the

A
Larynx

B
Pharynx

C
Nasal cavity

D
Trachea
Question 5
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Hypoxia is

A
Too low oxygen level

B
Too high oxygen level

C
Too low carbon dioxide level

D
None of the above

Solution

Hypoxia is condition in which the level of oxygen is very low in the body. It is also referred as hypoxemia. This condition occur when their is not enough supply of O$$_2$$ to the body tissues.
So, the correct answer is 'Too low oxygen level'.
Question 6
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The serous membrane which covers the lungs is called

A
Pericardium

B
Peritonium

C
Perichondrium

D
Pleura

Solution

Lungs are the respiratory organs in a higher organism. It lies in the thoracic cavity of the chest. It is placed in the rib cage which protects it from mechanical damage. It has a double wall membranous covering, the outer is known as parietal pleura and the inner is visceral pleura. The space between the two pleura membrane is known as pleural cavity which is filled with pleural fluid.
So, the correct answer is option D.
Question 7
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Hyperventilation can cause

A
Alkalosis

B
Acidosis

C
Carpopedal spasms

D
Both A and C

Solution

Hyperventilation is the condition of fast breathing or over breathing. This leads to the reduction of carbon dioxide in the body. This can cause the disease like alkalosis and carpopedal spasms.
So the correct answer is 'A and C'.
Question 8
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A condition of over breathing is called as

A
Hyperventilation

B
Hypoventilation

C
Hypoxia

D
None of the above

Solution

Hyperventilation is a process of quick and deep breathing in which there is more exhalation than inhalation. This leads to reduced concentration of carbon dioxide dissolved in the blood also called hypocapnia.
So, the correct answer is 'Hyperventilation'.
Question 9
1 / -0

Respiratory centre in the brain which regulates the process of respiration is extremely sensitive to blood concentration of

A
O$$_2$$

B
CO$$_2$$

C
Hydrogencarbonate

D
Oxyhaemoglobin

Solution

Respiratory centres are located in the medulla oblongata and pons in the brain. They are extremely sensitive to blood concentration of carbon dioxide and work in response to reduction or elevation in the level of CO$$_2$$ in the body and hence help in regulation of respiration.
So the correct answer is 'CO$$_2$$'.
Question 10
1 / -0

The volume of air that can be breathed in by maximum forced inspiration over and above the normal inspiration is called

A
Expiratory reserved volume

B
Inspiratory reserved volume

C
Vital capacity

D
Inspiratory capacity

Solution

Inspiratory reserve volume is the quantity of air that can be forcefully inspired after a normal tidal inspiration. It is 3.1 litres in men and 1.9 litres in a woman. When IRV combines with tidal volume it is known as inspiratory capacity of lungs.
So, the correct answer is option B.

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 28

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 28

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Question 1

Ciliated nasal membranes warm, moisten, and filter inspired air

Contraction of the diaphragm enlarges the thoracic cavity

When the thoracic cavity enlarges, the pressure of air within the lungs fails

When the pressure of air within the lungs is less than the atmospheric pressure, air will flow out of the lungs

The respiratory process consists of inspiratory and expiratory acts following one another

Solution

Question 2

$$1 kPa$$

$$2 kPa$$

$$3 kPa$$

$$4 kPa$$

$$5 kPa$$

Solution

Question 3

Pulmonary artery

Pulmonary vein

Alveoli

Trachea

Bronchi

Solution

Question 4

Larynx

Pharynx

Nasal cavity

Trachea

Question 5

Too low oxygen level

Too high oxygen level

Too low carbon dioxide level

None of the above

Solution

Question 6

Pericardium

Peritonium

Perichondrium

Pleura

Solution

Question 7

Alkalosis

Acidosis

Carpopedal spasms

Both A and C

Solution

Question 8

Hyperventilation

Hypoventilation

Hypoxia

None of the above

Solution

Question 9

O$$_2$$

CO$$_2$$

Hydrogencarbonate

Oxyhaemoglobin

Solution

Question 10

Expiratory reserved volume

Inspiratory reserved volume

Vital capacity

Inspiratory capacity

Solution

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