Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test -4

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test -4

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Which of the following pair of factors are considered favourable for the formation of oxyhaemoglobin?

A
High H⁺ concentration & high pO₂

B
low H⁺ concentration & high pCO₂

C
low pO₂ & low H⁺ concentration

D
low pCO₂ & low temperature

Solution

In the alveoli, where there is high pO₂ , low pCO₂ , lesser H⁺ concentration and lower temperature, the factors are all favourable for the formation of oxyhaemoglobin.
Question 2
1 / -0

Read the following statements :

i. Pressure contributed by and individual gas in a mixture of gases is called its partial pressure
ii. pCO₂ in alveolar air is 45 mm Hg and in venous blood is 40 mm Hg.

A
Statement i) is wrong and ii) is correct.

B
Statement i) is correct and ii) is wrong.

C
both are correct

D
both are wrong
Solution
- In a mixture of gases, each gas has a partial pressure which is the hypothetical pressure of that gas if it alone occupied the entire volume of the original mixture at the same temperature. The total pressure of an ideal gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas in the mixture.
- The pCO₂ in alveolar air is 40 mm Hg and in venous blood is 45 mm Hg.
Question 3
1 / -0

The principle of exchange of gases at the lungs is :

A
Filtration

B
Diffusion

C
Conditioning and facilitated transport

D
both diffusion and filtration

Solution

The main function of the respiratory system is gaseous exchange. This refers to the process of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide moving between the lungs and blood. Diffusion occurs when molecules move from an area of high concentration (of that molecule) to an area of low concentration. This occurs during gaseous exchange as the blood in the capillaries surrounding the alveoli has a lower oxygen concentration of Oxygen than the air in the alveoli which has just been inhaled.
Question 4
1 / -0

Read the following statements :

i. The affinity of Hb for CO is 200 to 250 times more than its affinity for oxygen therefore CO competes with oxygen for binding to Hb.
ii. The result of this binding are a shift of oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve to the left and its alteration to a more hyperbolic shape.

A
Statement i) is correct and ii) is wrong

B
Statement i) is wrong and ii) is correct

C
both are correct

D
both are wrong

Solution

The affinity of Haemoglobin is 200 to 250 times more than that of Oxygen, therefore, CO competes with Oxygen for binding to Hb. Due to this binding a shift of oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve to left and its alteration to a more hyperbolic shape.
Question 5
1 / -0

Expiration will take place when there is :

A
positive intrapulmonary pressure

B
less pressure within lungs as compared to atmospheric pressure

C
negative intrapulmonary pressure

D
both B & C

Solution

Expiration is the release of carbon dioxide rich air from thoracic cavity. When the volume of air decreases and pressure increase the air from chest moves out. This kinds of pressure is called positive intrapulmonary pressure.
Question 6
1 / -0

RBCs and muscle cells carry out anaerobic respiration, but :

i. RBCs are permanently anaerobic and muscle cells are temporarily anaerobic
ii. RBCs are temporarily anaerobic and muscle cells are permanently anaerobic
iii. Muscle cells lack mitochondria.

A
only statement i) is correct.

B
only statement ii) is correct.

C
only statement ii) and iii) are correct.

D
None of the statements are correct.

Solution

Red blood cells and muscle cells carry out anaerobic respiration but RBC’s are permanently anaerobic and muscle cells are temporarily anaerobic in nature.
Question 7
1 / -0

Water breathing is more problematic than air breathing because :

i. water is 800 times more dense and hence holds much more oxygen than air does.
ii. since oxygen dissolved in water diffuses far more slowly than air therefore large quantity of water is required to be passed over the gills.

A
statement i) is wrong and ii) is correct.

B
statement ii) is wrong and i) is correct.

C
both statements are wrong.

D
both statements are correct.

Solution

Water breathing is more problematic than air breathing because oxygen dissolved in water diffuses far more slowly than air therefore large quantity of water is required to be passed over the gills.
Question 8
1 / -0

Read the following about blood pigments :

i. Hemoglobin is the pigment present in our blood and is iron containing protein.
ii. Haemocyanin is the pigment present in blood of Palaemon and is copper containing protein.
iii. Haemocyanin is much more efficient than haemoglobin.

A
only statement i) is correct.

B
only statement i) and ii) are correct.

C
only statement ii) and iii) are correct.

D
all statements are correct.

Solution

Haemoglobin is the pigment present in our blood and is iron containing protein. Haemocyanin is the pigment present in blood of Palaemon and is copper containing protein.
Question 9
1 / -0

The exchange of gases in :

i. the alveoli that lowers the pO₂ of blood and raises its pCO₂ is external respiration
ii. the tissues that lowers the pCO₂ of blood and raises its pO₂ is internal respiration

A
statementi) is wrong and ii) is correct.

B
statement ii) is wrong and i) is correct.

C
both statements are correct.

D
both statements are wrong.

Solution

In the alveoli, there is high pO₂ , low pCO₂ , lesser H+ concentration and lower temperature,
Question 10
1 / -0

The figure shows a diagrammatic view of human respiratory system with labels A, B, C and D. Select the option which gives correct identification and main function and/ or characteristic.

A
A- Trachea- long tube supported by complete cartilaginous rings for conducting inspired air.

B
B- Pleural membrane- surround ribs on both sides to provide cushion against rubbing.

C
C- Alveoli- thin walled vascular bag like structures for exchange of gases.

D
D- Lower end of lungs- diaphragm pulls it down during inspiration.

Solution

The alveoli are tiny air sacs within the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occurs. These pulmonary alveoli are the terminal ends of the respiratory tree.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Question 11
1 / -0

Name the pulmonary disease in which the alveolar surface area involved in gas exchange is drastically reduced due to damage to the alveolar walls.

A
Asthma

B
Pleurisy

C
Emphysema

D
Pneumonia

Solution

a) Asthma is an allergic disorder in which bronchioles constrict due to spasm of smooth muscles and the expiration becomes difficult.
b) Pleurisy is inflammation of pleural membranes. There is an accumulation of fluid between the pleural membranes. This results in a sharp chest pain and breathing become difficult.
c) Emphysema is a disorder of respiratory system in which there is irreversible distension of the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar sacs and alveoli. The wall separating adjacent alveoli break down and the air remains filled even after expiration. Smoking causes inflammation of lung alveoli which results in a decrease in surface area for gaseous exchange and causes emphysema.
d) Pneumonia is a disease of lungs which is characterised by inflammation of lungs and accumulation of mucus in alveoli and bronchioles that make breathing quite difficult.
So, the correct answer is C.
Question 12
1 / -0

Asthma may be attributed to:

A
Bacterial infection of the lungs

B
Allergic reaction of the mast cells in the lungs.

C
Inflammation of the trachea

D
Accumulation of fluid in the lungs
Solution
- Asthma may be attributed to allergic reaction of the mast cells in the lungs.
- Asthma symptoms, which include coughing, wheezing, and chest tightness, are common in an asthma attack. Sometimes asthma is called bronchial asthma or reactive airway disease.
- Mast cells secrete the autacoid mediators histamine, prostaglandin (PG) D2, and leukotriene (LT) C4, which are capable of inducing bronchoconstriction, mucus secretion, and mucosal edema, all features of asthma.
- So, the correct answer is 'Allergic reaction of the mast cells in the lungs'

Question 13

1 / -0

Match the items given in column I with those in column II and select the correct options given below:

	Column I		Column II
a.	Tidal volume	1	2500-3000 mL
b.	Inspiratory Reserve volume	2	1100-1200 mL
c.	Expiratory Reserve volume	3	500-550 mL
d.	Residual volume	4	1000-1100 mL

$$a-1,b-4,c-2,d-3$$

$$a-3,b-2,c-1,d-4$$

$$a-4,b-3,c-2,d-1$$

$$a-3,b-1,c-4,d-2$$

Solution

a) Tidal volume is the volume of air displaced between normal inspiration and expiration without an extra effort. In a healthy human, it is approximately 500-550 mL.

b) Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) is the maximal amount of air that can be inhaled into the lungs by after normal inspiration. In a healthy human, it is approximately 2500-3000 mL.

c) Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) is the maximal amount of air that can be expelled out from the lungs after normal expiration. In a healthy human, it is approximately 1000-1100 mL.

d) Residual volume (RV) is the volume of air that remains in the lungs after the most forcible expiration. In a healthy human, it is approximately 1100-1200 mL.

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Question 14
1 / -0

It is much easier for a small animal to run uphill than for a large animal, because

A
It is easier to carry a small body weight.

B
Smaller animals have higher metabolic rate.

C
Small animals have a lower $$O_2$$ requirement.

D
The efficiency of muscles in large animals is less than in the small animals.

Solution

Small animals use more metabolic energy per unit mass than large animals to run on a level surface. If the cost to lift one gram of mass one vertical meter is constant, small animals require proportionally smaller increases in metabolic cost to run uphill.
Question 15
1 / -0

The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli of the lungs is

A
Less than that in the blood

B
Less than that of carbon dioxide

C
Equal to that in the blood

D
More than that in the blood
Solution
Correct option: D
Explanation:
Alveoli are the site of gaseous exchange and have a higher partial pressure of oxygen than that of blood.
Blood is rich in carbon dioxide at cell and tissue levels due to cellular respiration.
The higher partial pressure of oxygen in alveoli allow diffusion of oxygen into the blood.
Question 16
1 / -0

Name the chronic respiratory disorder caused mainly by cigarette smoking.

A
Emphysema

B
Asthma

C
Respiratory acidosis

D
Cough
Solution
Correct option: A
Explanation:

Emphysema is a destructive disease of the lung in which the alveoli (small sacs) that promote oxygen exchange between the air and the bloodstream are destroyed.
Smoking is the primary cause of emphysema, which makes it a preventable illness.
Most commonly, the toxins in cigarette smoke create damage.
The primary symptom of emphysema is shortness of breath. It is a progressive complaint by affected individuals, worsening over time.
Early in the disease, shortness of breath may occur with exercise and activity but symptoms gradually worsen and may occur at rest.
Question 17
1 / -0

Bulk of carbon dioxide $$\left(C{O}_{2}\right)$$ released from body tissues into the blood is present as

A
Bicarbonate in blood plasma and RBCs.

B
Free $$C{O}_{2}$$ in blood plasma.

C
70% carbamino haemoglobin and 30% as bicarbonate.

D
Carbamino haemoglobin in RBCs.

Solution

70% to 75% $$C{O}_{2}$$ is transported as $$NaHC{O}_{3}$$ by plasma and $$KHC{O}_{3}$$ by RBCs. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) within the red blood cells quickly converts the carbon dioxide into carbonic acid (H$$_{2}$$CO$$_{3}$$). Carbonic acid is an unstable, intermediate molecule that immediately dissociates into bicarbonate ions (HCO$$_{3}$$) and hydrogen (H$$^{+}$$) ions. Since carbon dioxide is quickly converted into bicarbonate ions, this reaction allows for the continued uptake of carbon dioxide into the blood, down its concentration gradient. It also results in the production of H$$^{+}$$ ions.
Question 18
1 / -0

When you hold your breath which of the following gas changes in blood would first lead to the urge to breathe?

A
Falling $$\displaystyle CO_{2} $$ concentration

B
Rising $$\displaystyle CO_{2} $$ and falling $$\displaystyle O_{2} $$ concentration

C
Falling $$\displaystyle O_{2} $$ concentration

D
Rising $$\displaystyle CO_{2} $$ concentration

Solution

Correct answer: D
Explanation:
• Human respiration includes exhalation of carbon dioxide.
• When you hold your breath, the amount of carbon dioxide in the body increases, thus making the blood acidic.
• This change in pH triggers chemosensitive receptors which activate the respiratory centre of the brain.
Hence, an increase in carbon dioxide is the first to lead to the urge to breathe.
Question 19
1 / -0

Identify the wrong statement with reference to transport of oxygen.

A
The partial pressure of $$CO_2$$ can interfere with $$O_2$$ binding with haemoglobin

B
Higher $$H^+$$ concentration in alveoli, favours the formation of oxyhaemoglobin

C
Low $$pCO_2$$ in alveoli, favours the formation of oxyhaemoglobin

D
Binding of oxygen with haemoglobin is mainly related to partial pressure of $$O_2$$

Solution

The higher concentration of Oxygen or greater pO$$_2$$ is responsible, which favours the formation of Oxyhaemoglobin.
So, the correct answer is 'Higher
H+ conc. in alveoli favours the formation of oxyhaemoglobin'

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test -4

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test -4

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

High H+ concentration & high pO2

low H+ concentration & high pCO2

low pO2 & low H+ concentration

low pCO2 & low temperature

Solution

Question 2

Statement i) is wrong and ii) is correct.

Statement i) is correct and ii) is wrong.

both are correct

both are wrong

Solution

Question 3

Filtration

Diffusion

Conditioning and facilitated transport

both diffusion and filtration

Solution

Question 4

Statement i) is correct and ii) is wrong

Statement i) is wrong and ii) is correct

both are correct

both are wrong

Solution

Question 5

positive intrapulmonary pressure

less pressure within lungs as compared to atmospheric pressure

negative intrapulmonary pressure

both B & C

Solution

Question 6

only statement i) is correct.

only statement ii) is correct.

only statement ii) and iii) are correct.

None of the statements are correct.

Solution

Question 7

statement i) is wrong and ii) is correct.

statement ii) is wrong and i) is correct.

both statements are wrong.

both statements are correct.

Solution

Question 8

only statement i) is correct.

only statement i) and ii) are correct.

only statement ii) and iii) are correct.

all statements are correct.

Solution

Question 9

statementi) is wrong and ii) is correct.

statement ii) is wrong and i) is correct.

both statements are correct.

both statements are wrong.

Solution

Question 10

A- Trachea- long tube supported by complete cartilaginous rings for conducting inspired air.

B- Pleural membrane- surround ribs on both sides to provide cushion against rubbing.

C- Alveoli- thin walled vascular bag like structures for exchange of gases.

D- Lower end of lungs- diaphragm pulls it down during inspiration.

Solution

Question 11

Asthma

Pleurisy

Emphysema

Pneumonia

Solution

Question 12

Bacterial infection of the lungs

Allergic reaction of the mast cells in the lungs.

Inflammation of the trachea

Accumulation of fluid in the lungs

Solution

High H⁺ concentration & high pO₂

low H⁺ concentration & high pCO₂

low pO₂ & low H⁺ concentration

low pCO₂ & low temperature