Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 40

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 40

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Question 1
1 / -0

Adenoids are functional upto age of

A
4 years

B
10 years

C
Adolescence

D
20 years

Solution

With ongoing infection or inflammation, the adenoid can progressively enlarge. Since it sits at the back most part of the nasal cavity, its main symptoms affect nasal function. Adenoid hypertrophy, physiologically in children between the ages of 6 and 10 years, then atrophies at the age of 16 years.
So, the correct option is '10 years'.
Question 2
1 / -0

In a birds, which organ gets inflated on inspiration?

A
Lungs

B
Air sacs

C
Air capillaries

D
All of the above

Solution

The avian respiratory system delivers oxygen from the air to the tissues and also removes carbon dioxide. In addition, the respiratory system plays an important role in thermoregulation (maintaining normal body temperature). The avian respiratory system is different from that of other vertebrates, with birds having relatively small lungs plus nine air sacs that play an important role in respiration (but are not directly involved in the exchange of gases).

So, the correct option is 'Air sacs'.
Question 3
1 / -0

Approximately seventy percent of carbon-dioxide absorbed by the blood will be transported to the lungs.

A
As bicarbonate ions

B
In the form of dissolved gas molecules

C
By binding to RBC

D
As carbamino haemoglobin

Solution

About 70% of carbon dioxide is transported as sodium bicarbonate. As CO$$_2$$ diffuses into the blood plasma, a large part of it combines with water to form carbonic acid in the presence of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. Carbonic anhydrase is a zinc enzyme that speeds up the formation of carbonic acid. This carbonic acid dissociates into bicarbonate (HCO$$_3$$$$^–$$) and hydrogen ions (H$$^+$$).
Question 4
1 / -0

The trachea terminates into

A
Bronchi

B
Atrium

C
Bronchioles

D
Alveoli

Solution

Human respiratory system consists of larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, lungs. The larynx is the first part of respiratory system. It leads into a long tube called trachea. Trachea contains incomplete rings of hyaline cartilage. This prevents the collapse during respiration. Trachea divides into two bronchi, left and right. These bronchi enter the left and right lungs respectively. Bronchi is further divided into bronchioles. Alveoli are present at the end of bronchioles.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 5
1 / -0

Which of the following increases area of thoracic cavity during inhalation?

A
Outward and upward movement of rib-cage

B
Outward and downward movement of rib-cage

C
Inward and downward movement of rib-cage

D
Inward and upward movement of rib-cage

Solution

During inhalation, the rib cage expands. As a result, the air pressure decreases and air enter the lungs. The rib muscle and the diaphragm contracts. Hence during inhalation the area of thoracic cavity increases to pull your rib cage both upward and outward. Thus the correct answer is option A.
Question 6
1 / -0

Emphysema is a

A
Cardiovascular disease

B
Pulmonary disease

C
Neural disease

D
Renal disease

Solution

Emphysema is a long-term, progressive disease of the lungs that primarily causes shortness of breath due to over-inflation of the alveoli (air sacs in the lung). Smoking is the primary cause of emphysema, which makes it a preventable illness. So, the correct answer is option B.
Question 7
1 / -0

After forceful inspiration, the amount of air that can be breathed out by maximum forced expiration is equal to.

A
Inspiratory Reserve Volume(IRV) $$+$$ Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) $$+$$ Tidal Volume (TV)$$+$$ Residual Volume(RV)

B
IRV $$+$$ RV $$+$$ ERV

C
IRV $$+$$ TV $$+$$ ERV

D
TV $$+$$ RV $$+$$ ERV

Solution

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) is the maximum volume that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation. Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) is the maximum volume that can be exhaled after a normal exhalation. Tidal volume (TV) is the normal resting respiration. Residual volume (RV) is the amount of air left in the lungs after full exhalation. The inspiratory capacity (IC) is the total amount of air that can be inhaled. It is the total of tidal volume (TV) and inspiratory reserve volume (IRV). Vital Capacity (VC) is the maximum amount of air that can be breathed in after forced expiration or the maximum amount of air that can be breathed out after forced inspiration. It is the total of tidal volume (TV), inspiratory reserve volume (IRV), and expiratory reserve volume (ERV). Functional residual capacity (FRC) is the amount of air remaining in the lungs at the end of a normal exhalation. It is the total of Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) and residual volume (RV). The total lung capacity (TLC) is the total of all lung volumes, that is TV + IRV + ERV + RV.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Question 8
1 / -0

Although much $$CO_2$$, is carried in blood yet blood does not become acidic because

A
$$CO_2$$ is continuously diffused through the tissues and is not allowed to accumulate

B
$$CO_2$$ combines with water to form $$H_2CO_3$$, which neutralised by $$Na_2CO_3$$

C
In $$CO_2$$ transport, blood buffers play an important role

D
$$CO_2$$ is absorbed by leucocytes

Solution

Although much CO$$_2$$ is carried in blood yet blood does not become acidic because of the buffering action of blood. Due to blood buffering, it does not become acidic in spite of the presence of large amount of CO$$_2$$. The main buffer present in the body is bicarbonate. Bicarbonate exists in equilibrium with carbonic acid which in turn can be converted to carbon dioxide and water.
H$$_2$$O+CO$$_2$$⇌H$$_2$$CO$$_3$$⇌H$$^ + + $$HCO$$_3$$$$^-$$.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Question 9
1 / -0

People who have migrated from the planes to an area adjoining Rohtang Pass about six month back.

A
Have more RBCs and their haemoglobin has a lower binding affinity to $$O_{2}$$

B
Are not physically fit to play games like football

C
Suffer from altitude sickness with symptoms like nausea, fatigue, etc

D
Have the usual RBC count but their haemoglobin has very high binding affinity to $$O_{2}$$

Solution

People who have migrated from the planes to an area adjoining Rohtang Pass about six months back have more RBCs and their haemoglobin has a lower binding affinity to O$$_2$$. As a person goes uphill pO$$_2$$ decreases and altitude increases. Due to lower pO$$_2$$, the affinity of haemoglobin towards O$$_2$$ decreases. On hills, the O$$_2$$ level decreases. To compensate this decrease, more RBCs are produced.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 10
1 / -0

Mark the incorrect statement in context to $$O_2$$ binding to Hb.

A
Higher pH

B
Lower temperature

C
Lower $$pCO_2$$

D
Higher $$PO_2$$

Solution

Factors that affects the oxygen hemoglobin binding by increasing it's affinity are :
(i) Increased partial pressure of oxygen
(ii) decreses partial pressure of carbon dioxide.
(iii) High hydrogen ion concentration leading to low pH
(iv) Low temperature
So, the correct option is 'Higher pH'.

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 40

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 40

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Question 1

4 years

10 years

Adolescence

20 years

Solution

Question 2

Lungs

Air sacs

Air capillaries

All of the above

Solution

Question 3

As bicarbonate ions

In the form of dissolved gas molecules

By binding to RBC

As carbamino haemoglobin

Solution

Question 4

Bronchi

Atrium

Bronchioles

Alveoli

Solution

Question 5

Outward and upward movement of rib-cage

Outward and downward movement of rib-cage

Inward and downward movement of rib-cage

Inward and upward movement of rib-cage

Solution

Question 6

Cardiovascular disease

Pulmonary disease

Neural disease

Renal disease

Solution

Question 7

Inspiratory Reserve Volume(IRV) $$+$$ Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) $$+$$ Tidal Volume (TV)$$+$$ Residual Volume(RV)

IRV $$+$$ RV $$+$$ ERV

IRV $$+$$ TV $$+$$ ERV

TV $$+$$ RV $$+$$ ERV

Solution

Question 8

$$CO_2$$ is continuously diffused through the tissues and is not allowed to accumulate

$$CO_2$$ combines with water to form $$H_2CO_3$$, which neutralised by $$Na_2CO_3$$

In $$CO_2$$ transport, blood buffers play an important role

$$CO_2$$ is absorbed by leucocytes

Solution

Question 9

Have more RBCs and their haemoglobin has a lower binding affinity to $$O_{2}$$

Are not physically fit to play games like football

Suffer from altitude sickness with symptoms like nausea, fatigue, etc

Have the usual RBC count but their haemoglobin has very high binding affinity to $$O_{2}$$

Solution

Question 10

Higher pH

Lower temperature

Lower $$pCO_2$$

Higher $$PO_2$$

Solution

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