Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 41

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 41

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
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Partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in healthy human lung alveoli are respectively, nearest to.

A
100 and 40 mm of Hg

B
90 and 20 mm of Hg

C
40 and 46 mm of Hg

D
159 and 3.3 mm of Hg

Solution

Partial pressure is the individual pressure exerted independently by a particular gas within a mixture of gasses. The air we breath is a mixture of gasses i.e, nitrogen, oxygen, & carbon dioxide. The partial pressure of O$$_2$$ and CO$$_2$$ in the body (normal, resting conditions) is pO$$_2$$= 100mm of Hg and CO$$_2$$= 40mm of Hg. So, the correct answer is option A.
Question 2
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Arrange the following terms regarding process of respiration in chronological order of its decreasing volume of air
I. Expiratory reserve volume
II. Vital capacity
III. Tidal volume
IV. Residual volume

A
$$ II \rightarrow IV \rightarrow I \rightarrow III$$

B
$$ II \rightarrow IV \rightarrow III \rightarrow I$$

C
$$ I \rightarrow IV \rightarrow III\rightarrow II$$

D
$$ IV \rightarrow I \rightarrow III\rightarrow I$$

Solution

Vital capacity is the amount of air which is inhaled and exhaled by an individual. It averages about 460 mL.
Residual volume is the volume of air present in lungs even after a forcible expiration averaging about 1200 mL.
Expiratory reserve volume is the extra amount of air that can be expired forcibly after a normal expiration averaging about 1100 mL.
Tidal volume Is the volume of air inspired or expired in relaxed position. It is about 500 mL in an adult person.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 3
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Which of the following is a respiratory disease?

A
Polio

B
Arithritis

C
Asthma

D
Cancer

Solution

Polio is a disease caused by poliovirus which affects the central nervous system and causes paralysis of muscles and causes its weakness.
Arthritis is caused due to inflammation of joints. Reduction in the amount of cartilage tissue may lead to arthritis.
Asthma is the inflammation of lungs or respiratory tract which is caused due to environmental and genetic factors. Wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath are some common symptoms.
Cancer is caused due to the abnormal multiplication of cells. It clogs the blood vessels and destroys the tissues.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Question 4
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It is a byproduct during carbon assimilation by a plant.

A
$$CO_2$$

B
Cellular material

C
Energy end water

D
Oxygen

Solution

Oxygen produced by the plant during carbon assimilation is a byproduct. The plant utilizes solar energy in the process of photosynthesis and produces cellular material by utilizing CO$$_2$$ and H$$_2$$O. During respiration, stored food is oxidized into CO$$_2$$ and water and energy is released.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 5
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The entry of food into the larynx is prevented by

A
Mitral valve

B
Diaphragm

C
Frenulum

D
Epiglottis

Solution

The cartilage flap called the epiglottis is located in front of the larynx and behind the tongue. The epiglottis moves back and forth to prevent the passage of food and liquids into the lungs. The usual upright position of the epiglottis allows air to flow into the lungs and the larynx. While swallowing, the epiglottis flattens backward to cover the entrance to the larynx and prevent food from entering the lungs and windpipe. The epiglottis returns to its usual position after swallowing. So, the correct answer is option D.
Question 6
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Name the chronic respiratory disorder caused mainly by cigarette smoking.

A
Asthma

B
Respiratory acidosis

C
Respiratory alkalosis

D
Emphysema
Solution
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Emphysema is a chronic respiratory disease, which affects the alveoli of the lungs.
The alveoli lose the capability of elasticity, which leads to irreversible distension.
Smoking is the preliminary cause of emphysema.
The chemicals buildup in the airways causing irritation.
Emphysema is marked by the shortening of breath during any physical activity.
Question 7
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How the transport of $$O_2$$ and $$CO_2$$ by blood happens?

A
With the help of WBCs and blood serum

B
With the help of platelets and corpuscles

C
With the help of RBCs and blood plasma

D
With the help of RBCs and WBCs

Solution

3% of oxygen is transported by plasma and 97% is carried by RBCs. The haemoglobin present in the RBC combine with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin and transports the oxygen to different part of the tissue. On reaching the tissues the bond between the oxygen and haemoglobin breaks and it releases oxygen. One haemoglobin moleccule binds to four oxygen molecule. Some of the oxygen is transported by the plasma in dissolved form.
About 7% of carbon dioxide is transported, dissolved in plasma and rest by RBC and 70% in the form of bicarbonates in plasma. It is more soluble in blood than oxygen. It combines with haemoglobin to form carbaminohemoglobin which dissociate to release carbon dioxide when it reaches the lungs. Carbondioxide combines with water and form carbonic acid in presence of carbonic anhydrase in RBC. The carbonic acid dissociates to form bicarbonate ions which is exchanged with chloride ions in the plasma.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Question 8
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Diastasis amounts to which of the following?

A
2.91% of end diastolic volume

B
2.91% of end systolic volume

C
5% of cardiac output

D
2.91% of stroke volume.
Question 9
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A person breathes in some volume of air by forced inspiration after having a forced expiration. This quantity of air taken in is _______________.

A
Total lung capacity

B
Tidal volume

C
Vital capacity

D
Inspiratory capacity

Solution

C. Vital capacity
Solution: Vital capacity is the maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after a forced expiration or the maximum voulme of air a person can breathe in after a forced inspiration.
So the correct answer is "Vital capacity".
Question 10
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Which among the following serves the function of lung surfactant?

A
Phospholipoprotein

B
Peptidoglycan

C
Lecithin

D
Chitin

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 41

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 41

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Question 1

100 and 40 mm of Hg

90 and 20 mm of Hg

40 and 46 mm of Hg

159 and 3.3 mm of Hg

Solution

Question 2

$$ II \rightarrow IV \rightarrow I \rightarrow III$$

$$ II \rightarrow IV \rightarrow III \rightarrow I$$

$$ I \rightarrow IV \rightarrow III\rightarrow II$$

$$ IV \rightarrow I \rightarrow III\rightarrow I$$

Solution

Question 3

Polio

Arithritis

Asthma

Cancer

Solution

Question 4

$$CO_2$$

Cellular material

Energy end water

Oxygen

Solution

Question 5

Mitral valve

Diaphragm

Frenulum

Epiglottis

Solution

Question 6

Asthma

Respiratory acidosis

Respiratory alkalosis

Emphysema

Solution

Question 7

With the help of WBCs and blood serum

With the help of platelets and corpuscles

With the help of RBCs and blood plasma

With the help of RBCs and WBCs

Solution

Question 8

2.91% of end diastolic volume

2.91% of end systolic volume

5% of cardiac output

2.91% of stroke volume.

Question 9

Total lung capacity

Tidal volume

Vital capacity

Inspiratory capacity

Solution

Question 10

Phospholipoprotein

Peptidoglycan

Lecithin

Chitin

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