Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 52

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 52

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Question 1
1 / -0

Haemoglobin present in human blood binds to oxygen in which oxidation state?

A
$$Fe^{2+}$$

B
$$Fe^{3+}$$

C
$$Fe^{4+}$$

D
$$Fe^+$$

Solution

Haemoglobin is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein in the red blood cells. The iron ion, which is the site of oxygen binding, coordinates with the four nitrogen atoms in the center of the ring.
The iron ion may be either in the Fe2+ or in the Fe3+ state, but ferrihemoglobin (methemoglobin) (Fe3+) cannot bind oxygen. Iron must exist in the +2 oxidation state to bind oxygen.

So the answer is 'Fe2+'.
Question 2
1 / -0

Haemoglobin shows maximum affinity with

A
Carbon monoxide

B
Carbon dioxide

C
Oxygen

D
Ammonia

Solution

Haemoglobin shows maximum affinity with carbon monoxide as compared to coarbon dioxide and oxygen. When compared with carbon dioxide, haemoglobin has more affinity with oxygen. When haemoglobin binds with carbon monoxide, it forms carboxyhaemoglobin. It gives bright red color to the blood.
Thus, the correct answer is 'Carbon monoxide.'
Question 3
1 / -0

The blood leaving the lungs has its haemoglobin oxygenated and unloads its oxygen to the tissues, because
(2) (3) (4)

A
The tissues can absorb $${ O }_{ 2 }$$ from oxyhaemoglobin

B
$${ O }_{ 2 }$$ concentration in tissues is lower and $${ CO }_{ 2 }$$ concentration higher than that of lungs

C
$${ O }_{ 2 }$$ concentration in tissues is higher and $${ CO }_{ 2 }$$ concentration lower than that of lungs

D
Oxyhaemoglobin undergoes reduction

Solution

As blood passes through the lungs, haemoglobin along with oxygen is carried to tissues. There is an increased oxygen pressure in the capillaries of lungs and it is released where the pressure is low i.e. tissues.The carbon dioxide is then released once the red blood cells reach the lungs. So option 'O2 concentration in tissues is lower and CO2 concentration higher than that of lungs' is correct.
Question 4
1 / -0

Which of the following is correct for oxygen transport ?

A
Nearly 20-25 percent of $${ CO }_{ 2 }$$ is transported by RBCs

B
3 percent of $${ O }_{ 2 }$$ is carried in a dissolved state through the plasma

C
Maximum $${ CO }_{ 2 }$$ transport in the form of bicarbonate

D
Both B and C
Solution
- For purposes of discussing oxygen transport by the blood, we will consider blood to be composed of two phases: plasma and red blood cells (RBCs). Oxygen is carried in the blood in two forms: (1) dissolved in plasma and RBC water (about 2% of the total) and (2) reversibly bound to hemoglobin (about 98% of the total). At physiological PO2, only a small amount of oxygen is dissolved in plasma since oxygen has such a low solubility. At elevated PO2 (breathing 100 % oxygen or during hyperbaric oxygenation), however, the physically dissolved form of oxygen can become significant. Henry's law states that the amount of oxygen dissolved in plasma is directly proportional to PO2: [O2] = α PO2, where α = 0.003 ml O2 (100 ml plasma)−1 mm Hg−1. Thus, at a PO2 of 100 mm Hg (a typical value for arterial blood), 100 ml of plasma contains 0.3 ml O2 (or 0.3 vol%).
- Some of the carbon dioxide is transported dissolved in the plasma. Some carbon dioxide is transported as carbaminohemoglobin. However, most carbon dioxide is transported as bicarbonate. As blood flows through the tissues, carbon dioxide diffuses into red blood cells, where it is converted into bicarbonate.
- Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood from the tissue to the lungs in three ways:1(i) dissolved in a solution; (ii) buffered with water as carbonic acid; (iii) bound to proteins, particularly hemoglobin. Approximately 75% of carbon dioxide transport in the red blood cell and 25% in the plasma. The relatively small amount in plasma attributable to a lack of carbonic anhydrase plasma so an association with water is slow; plasma plays little role in buffering and combination with plasma proteins is poor.
So, the correct answer is 'Both B and C'.
Question 5
1 / -0

Which of the following factors are involve in left shifting of oxygen dissociation curve?

A
High $${ PO }_{ 2 }$$ and low pH

B
High $${ PCO }_{ 2 }$$ and high $$H^+$$ concentration

C
Low $${ PO }_{ 2 }$$ and low temperature

D
High $${ PO }_{ 2 }$$ and low temperature

Solution

The oxygen dissociation curve can be shifted right or left by a variety of factors. A left shift indicates increased oxygen affinity of hemoglobin allowing less oxygen to be available to the tissues(low pO2). A left shift is due to low temperature and low H+ concentration(high pH). It is a sign of hemoglobin's increased affinity for oxygen. So the left shifting is due to low pO2, low temperature, and high pH+.

So, Option 'C' is correct.
Question 6
1 / -0

Inspiration occurs when

A
Pressure inside lungs is lower than atmospheric pressure

B
Pressure inside lungs is higher than atmospheric pressure

C
Pressure inside lungs is same as atmospheric pressure

D
Pressure has no effect

Solution

Air can be forced to move from one place to another by creating a pressure gradient. In the human body, the contraction of the diaphragm allows it to move down to abdomen cavity slightly. This increases the area in the thoracic cavity and the lungs expand. The intercostal muscles between the ribs also contract and allow the rib bones o come upwards and outward. Due to this, volume in the lungs increases and the pressure decreases. The pressure in the lungs is less than that of atmospheric pressure, so the air is drawn in and inspiration occurs.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Pressure inside lungs is lower than atmospheric pressure'
Question 7
1 / -0

During one circuit of blood from lungs to the tissue and back through the circulatory system the percentage of hemoglobin given oxygen is-

A
$$50\%$$

B
$$25\%$$

C
$$75\%$$

D
$$100\%$$

Solution

Option $$A$$ is correct
During one circuit of blood from lungs to the tissue and back through the circulatory system the percentage of hemoglobin given oxygen is option $$A$$ i.e, $$50\%$$. This is referred to as $$P50$$, where $$50\%$$ of heme group of coach hemoglobin have a molecule of oxygen bound. In the lungs, alveolar gas has a $$PO_2$$ of $$100\ mmHg$$. However, due to high affinity of the fourth oxygen molecule, oxygen saturation will remain high we at $$PO_2$$ of $$60\ mmHg$$. As the $$PO_2$$ decreases, hemoglobin saturation will eventually fall rapidly, at a $$PO_2$$ of $$40\ mmHg$$ hemoglobin is $$75\%$$ saturated. Meanwhile, at a $$PO_2$$ of $$25\ mmHg$$, hemoglobin is $$50\%$$ saturated.
Question 8
1 / -0

Gas exchange in animal always involves

A
Cellular respiration

B
Breathing movement

C
Active transport of gases

D
Diffusion across membranes

Solution

Gaseous exchange in animals is a process involving cellular respiration. The oxygen that is inhaled has to be used in the aerobic respiration for making the energy. The CO$$_{2}$$ released during the cellular respiration has to be exhaled in the atmosphere.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Cellular Respiration'
Question 9
1 / -0

The compound, which is soluble in water but does not impede the oxygen transportation, is

A
NO

B
$$SO_2$$

C
CO

D
$$SO_3$$
Solution
- SO2 is a soluble compound that dissolves in water but not in blood and so it does not impede oxygen transport.
- CO and NO both compete with oxygen for binding with haemoglobin. SO3 is insoluble.
- Hence, The compound, which is soluble in water but does not impede oxygen transportation, is SO2
- So, the correct answer is 'SO2'.
Question 10
1 / -0

To start respiration, a living cell requires

A
Only glucose

B
Glucose $$+ O_2$$

C
Glucose, ATP and enzymes

D
Glucose $$+$$ enzymes

Solution

Cellular respiration is the process of moving energy from one chemical form (glucose) into another (ATP) since all cells use ATP for all metabolic reactions. Most of the steps of cellular respiration take place in the mitochondria. Oxygen and glucose are both reactants in the process of cellular respiration. The main product of cellular respiration is ATP. Respiration is the biochemical process in which the cells of an organism obtain energy by combining oxygen and glucose, resulting in the release of carbon dioxide, water, and ATP (the currency of energy in cells). Glycolysis can also occur without oxygen, a process called anaerobic respiration, or fermentation. When glycolysis occurs without oxygen, cells make small amounts of ATP.

So, the correct answer is 'Only glucose'.

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 52

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 52

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

$$Fe^{2+}$$

$$Fe^{3+}$$

$$Fe^{4+}$$

$$Fe^+$$

Solution

Question 2

Carbon monoxide

Carbon dioxide

Oxygen

Ammonia

Solution

Question 3

The tissues can absorb $${ O }_{ 2 }$$ from oxyhaemoglobin

$${ O }_{ 2 }$$ concentration in tissues is lower and $${ CO }_{ 2 }$$ concentration higher than that of lungs

$${ O }_{ 2 }$$ concentration in tissues is higher and $${ CO }_{ 2 }$$ concentration lower than that of lungs

Oxyhaemoglobin undergoes reduction

Solution

Question 4

Nearly 20-25 percent of $${ CO }_{ 2 }$$ is transported by RBCs

3 percent of $${ O }_{ 2 }$$ is carried in a dissolved state through the plasma

Maximum $${ CO }_{ 2 }$$ transport in the form of bicarbonate

Both B and C

Solution

Question 5

High $${ PO }_{ 2 }$$ and low pH

High $${ PCO }_{ 2 }$$ and high $$H^+$$ concentration

Low $${ PO }_{ 2 }$$ and low temperature

High $${ PO }_{ 2 }$$ and low temperature

Solution

Question 6

Pressure inside lungs is lower than atmospheric pressure

Pressure inside lungs is higher than atmospheric pressure

Pressure inside lungs is same as atmospheric pressure

Pressure has no effect

Solution

Question 7

$$50\%$$

$$25\%$$

$$75\%$$

$$100\%$$

Solution

Question 8

Cellular respiration

Breathing movement

Active transport of gases

Diffusion across membranes

Solution

Question 9

NO

$$SO_2$$

CO

$$SO_3$$

Solution

Question 10

Only glucose

Glucose $$+ O_2$$

Glucose, ATP and enzymes

Glucose $$+$$ enzymes

Solution

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