Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 6

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 6

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Question 1
1 / -0

The trachea and bronchi are provided with C-shaped cartilaginous rings which

A
Are responsible for sound production.

B
Give them support and prevent their collapse.

C
Divide trachea and bronchi.

D
Give support to lungs.

Solution

The cartilage ring is C-shaped because the trachea presses against the oesophagus. They prevent collapsing in absence of air. In humans, there are about 15 to 20 incomplete C-shaped cartilaginous rings.
Hence the correct option is B.
Question 2
1 / -0

The major fraction of $$CO_2$$ released during cellular respiration is transported by the blood to the lung capillaries:

A
In combination with haemoglobin

B
As free $$CO_2$$

C
As carbonic acid or $$H_2CO_3$$

D
In the form of bicarbonate ions

Solution

About 5% of carbon dioxide is transported unchanged, simply dissolved in the plasma. About 10% of carbon dioxide is transported bound to haemoglobin and plasma proteins. The majority of carbon dioxide is transported as bicarbonate ions. Carbon dioxide enters red blood cells in the tissue capillaries where it combines with water to form carbonic acid. This reaction is catalysed by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which is found in red blood cells. Carbonic acid then dissociates to form bicarbonate ions ($$HCO_3^-$$) and hydrogen ions ($$H^+$$).
Question 3
1 / -0

In lungs there is definite exchange of ions between RBC and plasma. Removal of CO$$_2$$ from blood involves

A
Influx of Cl$$^-$$ ions into RBC

B
Influx of HCO$$_3$$$$^+$$ ions into RBC

C
Efflux of HCO$$_3$$$$^+$$ ions into plasma

D
None of the above

Solution

Chloride shift is the movement of chloride ions from the plasma into red blood cells as a result of the transfer of carbon dioxide from tissues to the plasma, a process that serves to maintain blood pH. Bicarbonate and chloride ions are transported across the red blood cell membrane in opposite directions by the bicarbonate-chloride carrier protein.

Sp, the correct answer is "Influx of $$Cl^-$$ ions into RBC".
Question 4
1 / -0

How much amount of air can be inspired or expired during normal breathing?

A
0.5$$l$$

B
25$$l$$

C
1.5$$l$$

D
5.5$$l$$

Solution

The tidal volume is the volume of air inspired or expired with each normal breath. It amounts to about 500 millilitres (0.5 litres) in the adult male. Lung capacity depends on various factors such as age, sex, weight and activity. Females have 20-25% lower capacity than male.
Question 5
1 / -0

Daily respiratory activities are controlled by

A
Cerebellum

B
Cerebrum

C
Medulla oblongata

D
Diencephalon

Solution

The medulla oblongata is the part of the hind brain and located in the brain stem. It is extended to the spinal cord. Through pons, it is connected to the midbrain. It is the controlling centre for heart and lung. It regulated breathing, respiration, circulation, the function of blood vessels etc.
Question 6
1 / -0

The medullary respiratory centre is always under the direct

A
Chemical control

B
Physical control

C
Nervous control

D
All of the above

Solution

Medullary oblongata a part of the central nervous system controls the respiratory mechanism. The medullary respiratory centre is always under chemical control. In medulla oblongata, there is a chemosensitive area which is sensitive to carbon dioxide and pH of blood.
Question 7
1 / -0

Respiratory centre of brain is sensitive to

A
More O$$_2$$ concentration in blood

B
More CO$$_2$$ concentration in blood

C
Accumulation of blood in brain

D
All of the above

Solution

During breathing process, the level of CO$$_2$$ in blood acts on the medulla oblongata which controls the respiratory mechanism. High levels of carbon dioxide correspond with high levels of acid (low pH) and signal the need for more oxygen. A rise in PCO$$_2$$ (a condition called as hypercapnia) decreases the pH level of cerebrospinal fluid. This excites the central chemoreceptors resulting in an increase in the depth and rate of respiration, a condition called hyperventilation. The resulting increase in alveolar ventilation flushes carbon dioxide out of the blood which increases the blood pH.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Question 8
1 / -0

Rate of breathing is controlled by

A
The amount of freely available oxygen

B
The amount of carbon dioxide present in the blood

C
Muscular function of the body

D
Stress
Solution
Solution

Correct answer is option B.
Explanation for correct option:
- The level of $$CO_2$$ in the blood is the most important influence on the regulation of ventilation.
- The blood level of $$CO_2$$ acts directly on the respiratory centres in the medulla.
- A rise in $$pCO_2$$ (a condition called hypercapnia) decreases the pH level of cerebrospinal fluid.
- This excites the central chemoreceptors resulting in an increase in the depth and rate of respiration, a condition called hyperventilation.
Question 9
1 / -0

Steps of respiration are controlled by

A
Substrates

B
Enzymes

C
Hormone

D
Bile juice
Solution
- Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose into carbon dioxide and water.
- Cellular respiration takes place in three steps: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.
- The main role of enzymes during the respiration reaction is to assist in transferring electrons from one molecule to another. e.g. In glycolysis, the enzyme dehydrogenase is used. Hence, the steps of respiration are controlled by enzymes.
So, the correct answer is 'enzymes'.
Question 10
1 / -0

Respiration mechanism is controlled by

A
Pons

B
Medulla

C
Limbic system

D
Both A and B

Solution

The respiratory mechanism is controlled by two regions of the brainstem namely medulla oblongata and pons varolii. The medulla is the main region that regulates the muscles involved in contraction and allowing the mechanism of inhalation and exhalation. The pons is responsible for controlling the rate of breathing. The limbic system is the part of forebrain and is involved in memory, emotions, learning etc.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Both A and B'

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 6

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 6

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Question 1

Are responsible for sound production.

Give them support and prevent their collapse.

Divide trachea and bronchi.

Give support to lungs.

Solution

Question 2

In combination with haemoglobin

As free $$CO_2$$

As carbonic acid or $$H_2CO_3$$

In the form of bicarbonate ions

Solution

Question 3

Influx of Cl$$^-$$ ions into RBC

Influx of HCO$$_3$$$$^+$$ ions into RBC

Efflux of HCO$$_3$$$$^+$$ ions into plasma

None of the above

Solution

Question 4

0.5$$l$$

25$$l$$

1.5$$l$$

5.5$$l$$

Solution

Question 5

Cerebellum

Cerebrum

Medulla oblongata

Diencephalon

Solution

Question 6

Chemical control

Physical control

Nervous control

All of the above

Solution

Question 7

More O$$_2$$ concentration in blood

More CO$$_2$$ concentration in blood

Accumulation of blood in brain

All of the above

Solution

Question 8

The amount of freely available oxygen

The amount of carbon dioxide present in the blood

Muscular function of the body

Stress

Solution

Question 9

Substrates

Enzymes

Hormone

Bile juice

Solution

Question 10

Pons

Medulla

Limbic system

Both A and B

Solution

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