Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 60

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 60

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

A person suffering from frequent episodes of nasal discharge, nasal congestion, reddening of eyes and watery eyes. These are the symptoms of

A
Cyanosis

B
Bronchitis

C
Rhinitis

D
Bronchial carcinoma

Solution

In rhinitis, the inflammation of the mucous membrane is caused by viruses, bacteria, irritants or allergens. The inflammation results in the generation of large amounts of mucus, commonly producing a runny nose, as well as a stuffy nose and post-nasal drip. In the case of allergic rhinitis, the inflammation is caused by the degranulation of mast cells in the nose. When mast cells degranulate, they release histamine and other chemicals, starting an inflammatory process that can cause symptoms outside the nose, such as fatigue and malaise.
Question 2
1 / -0

Match the columns.
List I List II
A Residual volume 1 4.6 L
B Vital capacity 2 1.2 L
C Inspiratory reserve volume 3 3.5 L
D Inspiratory capacity 4 3 L

A
A- 2, B- 1, C- 4, D- 3

B
A- 2, B- 1, C- 3, D- 4

C
A- 1, B- 2, C- 4, D- 3

D
A- 1, B- 2, C- 3, D- 4

Solution

Residual volume is the amount of air that is left in the lungs after the most forcible exhalation possible. Average residual volume of an adult is 1.1 - 1.2 L. Vital capacity is the maximum amount of air that can be expelled from the lungs after the deepest inhalation possible. The average vital capacity of an adult is 4.6 L. Inspiratory reserve volume is the additional air that can be forcibly inhaled after normal inspiration. The average inspiratory reserve volume of an adult is 3 L. Inspiratory capacity is the total amount of air that can be inhaled into the lungs after a normal expiration. The average inspiratory capacity of an adult is 3.5 L.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 3
1 / -0

If there is deficiency of surfactant the disease is

A
Emphysema

B
Respiratory distress syndrome

C
Bronchitis

D
All of the above

Solution

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is caused by pulmonary surfactant deficiency in the lungs of neonates, most commonly in those born at < 37 wk gestation.
Question 4
1 / -0

Which one of these is the possibility for most of us in regard to breathing, by making a conscious effort?

A
One can consciously breathe in and breathe out by moving the diaphragm alone, without moving the ribs at all.

B
The lungs can be made fully empty by forcefully breathing out all air from them.

C
One can breathe out air totally without residual air.

D
One can breathe out air through Eusatchian tubes by closing both the nose and the mouth.

Solution

The process of breathing involves the pathway of the human respiratory system and includes the nasal cavities, oral cavities, pharynx, trachea, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi and lungs with bronchioles and alveoli present. Breathing is a 2-fold process which includes breathing in and breathing out. During this process, the diaphragm which is the dome-shaped sheet of muscle located below the lungs contracts and expands along with the intercostal muscles to force air in and out of the lungs. Since intercostal muscles are also involved in the process of respiration, deeper respiration results in the movement of ribs too. Hence most of us can consciously breathe in and breathe out by moving the diaphragm alone.
Question 5
1 / -0

About 97% of $${O_2}$$ is transported by RBC. The remaining 3% is:

A
Dissolved in plasma and transported

B
Remains in lungs

C
Attached to cell membranes

D
Inside the mitochondria

E
In peroxisomes

Solution

About 97% of $$O_2$$ transported from lungs to tissues is carried in chemical combination with haemoglobin (Hb) in RBC. Remaining 3% is transported in dissolved state in water of plasma and cells.
Question 6
1 / -0

Surfactant in alveoli is secreted by

A
Dust cells

B
Type I epithelial cells

C
Type II epithelial cells

D
Kupffer cells

Solution

There are three major types of cells in the alveolar wall. Type I or squamous alveolar are cells forms the structure of the alveolar wall. Type II or great alveolar are cells that secrete pulmonary surfactant to lower the surface tension of water. This allows the membrane to separate and therefore, increases the capability of the cells to exchange gases.
Thus, the answer is correct option C.
Question 7
1 / -0

Which one of the following helps in transportation of $${CO_2}$$?

A
Acetylcholinesterase

B
Transferase

C
Transacetylase

D
Carbonic anhydrase

Solution

Most of the carbon dioxide molecules are carried as part of the bicarbonate buffer system. Carbon dioxide enters the red blood cells in the tissue capillaries. The carbon dioxide molecule combines with water to form carbonic acid. This reaction is catalysed by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which is found in the red blood cells. Carbonic acid then dissociates to form bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 8
1 / -0

Assess the statements:
(1) Carbonic anhydrase is present in the erythrocytes.
(2) In erythrocytes, carbon dioxide combines with water and is transported.

A
Statement 1 is correct and is responsible for statement 2.

B
Statement 1 is not correct but statement 2 is correct.

C
Both statements 1 and 2 are wrong.

D
Statement 1 is correct but not involved in statement 2.

E
Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is wrong.

Solution

Carbon dioxide enters red blood cells in the tissue capillaries, where it combines with water to form carbonic acid ($$H_2CO_3$$). This reaction is catalysed by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (C.A.), which is found in the red blood cells. Carbonic acid then dissociates to form bicarbonate ions ($$HCO_3^-$$ ) and hydrogen ions ($$H^+$$).
Question 9
1 / -0

Number of oxygen molecule that bind to a molecule of haemoglobin are

A
2

B
3

C
4

D
6

Solution

Haemoglobin is a protein molecule found in red blood cells (erythrocytes) made of four subunits: two alpha subunits and two beta subunits. Each subunit surrounds a central haeme group that contains iron and binds one oxygen molecule, allowing each haemoglobin molecule to bind four oxygen molecules.
Question 10
1 / -0

In silicosis the silica particles can be seen

A
As needle shaped crystal by light microscopy

B
As needle shaped crystals under polarized light

C
As maltese cross shaped crystal by light microscopy

D
As maltese cross shaped crystals under polarized light

Solution

Silicosis is a lung disorder caused by the inhalation of crystalline silica. It is characterized by the fibrotic nodules with the concentric onion-skinned arrangement of collagen fibres, central hyalinization, and a cellular peripheral zone, with light birefringent particles seen under polarized light. When viewed by polarized light, the above section reveals numerous small crystals that are needle-shaped particles in tissue.

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Re-Attempt Weekly Quiz Competition

	List I		List II
A	Residual volume	1	4.6 L
B	Vital capacity	2	1.2 L
C	Inspiratory reserve volume	3	3.5 L
D	Inspiratory capacity	4	3 L

Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 60

Result

Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 60

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Rank

-

SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Cyanosis

Bronchitis

Rhinitis

Bronchial carcinoma

Solution

Question 2

A- 2, B- 1, C- 4, D- 3

A- 2, B- 1, C- 3, D- 4

A- 1, B- 2, C- 4, D- 3

A- 1, B- 2, C- 3, D- 4

Solution

Question 3

Emphysema

Respiratory distress syndrome

Bronchitis

All of the above

Solution

Question 4

One can consciously breathe in and breathe out by moving the diaphragm alone, without moving the ribs at all.

The lungs can be made fully empty by forcefully breathing out all air from them.

One can breathe out air totally without residual air.

One can breathe out air through Eusatchian tubes by closing both the nose and the mouth.

Solution

Question 5

Dissolved in plasma and transported

Remains in lungs

Attached to cell membranes

Inside the mitochondria

In peroxisomes

Solution

Question 6

Dust cells

Type I epithelial cells

Type II epithelial cells

Kupffer cells

Solution

Question 7

Acetylcholinesterase

Transferase

Transacetylase

Carbonic anhydrase

Solution

Question 8

Statement 1 is correct and is responsible for statement 2.

Statement 1 is not correct but statement 2 is correct.

Both statements 1 and 2 are wrong.

Statement 1 is correct but not involved in statement 2.

Statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is wrong.

Solution

Question 9

2

3

4

6

Solution

Question 10

As needle shaped crystal by light microscopy

As needle shaped crystals under polarized light

As maltese cross shaped crystal by light microscopy

As maltese cross shaped crystals under polarized light

Solution

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