Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 61

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 61

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Oxygen dissociation curve of haemoglobin is:

A
Sigmoid

B
Hyperbolic

C
Linear

D
Hypobolic

Solution

A.Correct option - A
B.Explanation for correct option -A

The oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve describes the non-linear tendency for oxygen to bind to haemoglobin.
The oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve mathematically calculates and determines the percentage saturation of haemoglobin to the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood.
The strange sigmoid shape of the curve relates to peculiar properties of the haemoglobin molecule.
Question 2
1 / -0

Azygos lobe is part of

A
Lung

B
Kidney

C
Larynx

D
Palate

Solution

In human anatomy, an azygos lobe is a congenital variation of the upper lobe of the right lung. Embryologically, it arises from an anomalous lateral course of the azygos vein in a pleural septum within the upper lobe. As it has no bronchi, veins, and arteries of its own, it is not a true, or even accessory pulmonary lobe, but rather an anatomically separated part of the upper lobe.
So, the correct answer is option A.
Question 3
1 / -0

Formation of non-functional methaemoglobin causes blue-baby syndrome. This is due to

A
Excess of arsenic concentration in drinking water.

B
Excess of nitrates in drinking water.

C
Deficiency of iron in food.

D
Increased methane content in the atmosphere.

Solution

Methaemoglobinaemia caused by the decreased ability of blood to carry vital oxygen around the body. One of the most common causes is nitrate in drinking water. It is most important in bottle fed infants and water from wells in rural areas is of special concern. Methaemoglobinemia is characterized by reduced ability of the blood to carry oxygen because of reduced levels of normal haemoglobin. Infants are most often affected, and may seem healthy, but show signs of blueness around the mouth, hands, and feet, hence the common name blue baby syndrome. These children may also have trouble breathing as well as vomiting and diarrhoea. In extreme cases, there is marked lethargy, an increase in the production of saliva, loss of consciousness and seizures.
Question 4
1 / -0

Mammals native to high altitudes have haemoglobins of greater oxygen affinity than low altitude forms because

A
They need more oxygen than their low altitude counter-parts.

B
The haemoglobin allows extraction of oxygen from environment that is poor in oxygen (high altitudes) relative to low altitudes.

C
They have less number of erythrocytes than their counterparts on low altitudes and increased oxygen affinity balances the reduced percentage of erythrocytes.

D
None of the statements are correct.

Solution

At high altitudes, the lower air pressure makes it more difficult for oxygen to enter our vascular systems, this results into hypoxia to human population, who are from sea level. The physiological and genetic adaptations in these people involve massive modification in the oxygen transport system of the blood, especially molecular changes in the structure and functions hemoglobin, allowing it to extract oxygen from environment, that is poor in oxygen (high altitudes) relative to low altitudes. This adaptation is associated with better developmental patterns, such as high birth weight, increased lung volumes, increased breathing and higher resting metabolism.
Question 5
1 / -0

People living at sea level have around 5 million RBC per cubic millimeter of their blood whereas those living at an altitude of 5400 meters have around 8 million. This is because at high altitude

A
People eat more nutritious food and therefore more RBCs are formed.

B
People get pollution-free air to breathe and more oxygen is available.

C
Atmospheric $${O_2}$$ level is less and hence ,more RBCs are needed to absorb the required amount of $${O_2}$$ to survive.

D
There is more UV radiation which enhances RBC-production.

Solution

The amount of haemoglobin in the blood increases with altitude. A person has more haemoglobin than the normal at high altitude. This is one of the best-known features of acclimatisation (acclimation) to high altitude. Increasing the amount of haemoglobin in the blood increases the amount of oxygen that can be carried. However, there is a downside: when there is too much haemoglobin, blood becomes sticky and viscous and it is harder for the heart to pump the blood around the body. This happens in chronic mountain sickness.
Question 6
1 / -0

The bar graph given above shows the composition of the inhaled air in humans. A person is standing in an open field. Write the number of the correct bar of the inhaled air by that person.

A
1

B
2

C
3

D
4

Solution

The proportion of gases in atmosphere is $$O_2\,:\,20.8\%,\,N_2\,:\,79\%,\,\,and\,\,CO_2\,:\,0.03\%$$. The second bar is representing the most appropriate proportion of gases in atmosphere, which the person inhales.
Question 7
1 / -0

What would happen when blood is acidic?

A
Binding of oxygen with haemoglobin increases.

B
Red blood corpuscles are formed in higher number.

C
Binding of oxygen with haemoglobin decreases.

D
There is no change in oxygen binding nor number of RBC.

Solution

An increase in blood CO$$_2$$ concentration, which leads to a decrease in blood pH. This will result in haemoglobin proteins releasing their load of oxygen. Conversely, a decrease in carbon dioxide provokes an increase in pH, which results in haemoglobin picking up more oxygen. Since carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic acid, an increase in CO$$_2$$ results in a decrease in blood pH.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Question 8
1 / -0

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is due to

A
Damage to the lungs

B
Damage to the kidneys

C
Damage to the stomach

D
Damage to the nose
Solution
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), also known as chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD), is a type of obstructive lung disease characterized by chronically poor airflow. It worsens over time.
- The main symptoms include shortness of breath, cough, and sputum production.
- It is divided into emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
- COPD is almost always caused by smoking.
- Over time, breathing tobacco smoke irritates the airways and destroys the stretchy fibres in the lungs.
Question 9
1 / -0

Carbonic anhydrase is found in

A
WBC

B
RBC

C
Blood plasma

D
All of the above

Solution

An enzyme present in red blood cells, carbonic anhydrase, aids in the conversion of carbon dioxide to carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions.
Question 10
1 / -0

Compound soluble in water which does not impede oxygen transportation is

A
$$SO_2$$

B
$$SO_3$$

C
$$CO$$

D
$$NO$$
Solution
- NO produces the same failure to absorb oxygen into the blood as carbon monoxide (CO). However, since NO is only slightly soluble in water, it poses no real threat except to infants and very sensitive individuals.
- High temperature combustion can convert sulfur in fuel to $$SO_2$$ and $$SO_3$$. $$SO_2$$ is toxic and forms sulfurous acid when dissolved in water.
- Both of these acids can form solid particles by reacting with ammonia in air. $$SO_2$$ and $$SO_3$$ also contribute to pH (acidity) changes in water, which can adversely affect both land and aquatic life.
- At room temperature, sulfur dioxide is a non-flammable, colorless gas that is soluble in water and heavier than air. Sulfur dioxide has a (median lethal dose) $$LD_{50}$$ of 3000 ppm for mice.

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 61

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 61

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Question 1

Sigmoid

Hyperbolic

Linear

Hypobolic

Solution

Question 2

Lung

Kidney

Larynx

Palate

Solution

Question 3

Excess of arsenic concentration in drinking water.

Excess of nitrates in drinking water.

Deficiency of iron in food.

Increased methane content in the atmosphere.

Solution

Question 4

They need more oxygen than their low altitude counter-parts.

The haemoglobin allows extraction of oxygen from environment that is poor in oxygen (high altitudes) relative to low altitudes.

They have less number of erythrocytes than their counterparts on low altitudes and increased oxygen affinity balances the reduced percentage of erythrocytes.

None of the statements are correct.

Solution

Question 5

People eat more nutritious food and therefore more RBCs are formed.

People get pollution-free air to breathe and more oxygen is available.

Atmospheric $${O_2}$$ level is less and hence ,more RBCs are needed to absorb the required amount of $${O_2}$$ to survive.

There is more UV radiation which enhances RBC-production.

Solution

Question 6

1

2

3

4

Solution

Question 7

Binding of oxygen with haemoglobin increases.

Red blood corpuscles are formed in higher number.

Binding of oxygen with haemoglobin decreases.

There is no change in oxygen binding nor number of RBC.

Solution

Question 8

Damage to the lungs

Damage to the kidneys

Damage to the stomach

Damage to the nose

Solution

Question 9

WBC

RBC

Blood plasma

All of the above

Solution

Question 10

$$SO_2$$

$$SO_3$$

$$CO$$

$$NO$$

Solution

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