Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 68

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 68

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Question 1
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Both simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion.

A
Transport molecules only along the concentration gradient and do not use energy

B
Transport molecules only along the concentration gradient by the use of energy

C
Transport molecules against the concentration gradient and do not use energy

D
Transport molecules against the concentration gradient by the use of energy

Solution

Answer A: Transport molecules only the concentration gradient and do not use energy.
1. Both move from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration through a partially permeable membrane.
2. Both are passive processes (do not require energy).
Question 2
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In response to $$CO_{2}$$ and $$H^{+}$$ concentration, the chemosensitive area and, receptors associated with aortic arch and carotid artery, send necessary signals for remedial action to _______________.

A
Pneumotaxic centre

B
Apneustic centre

C
Respiratory rhythm centre

D
Both A and B

Solution

C. Respiratory rhythm centre
Solution: In our body, we have significant ability to monitor and regulate the respiratory system. There are some feedback mechanism that controls our breathing rate according to the needs of our body. If the carbon dioxide concentration increases, the chemo-sensitive area and receptors associated with aortic arch and carotic arch send signal to the respiratory rhythm centre in medulla for alteration of the breathing rate.
So the correct answer is "Respiratory rhythm centre".
Question 3
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Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
In which of the following forms $$CO_2$$ is mostly carried in blood?

A
Hydrogencarbonate ions

B
Carbonic acid

C
Carbonate ions

D
Carbaminohaemoglobin

Solution

Carbon dioxide molecules are transported in the blood from body tissues to the lungs by one of three methods: by dissolving directly in the blood, by binding to hemoglobin, or is carried as a bicarbonate ion. The majority of carbon dioxide is transported as part of the bicarbonate buffer system. Therefore, Major amount of CO$$_2$$ from the tissues is transported to the lungs in the form of hydrogen carbonates (bicarbonates). So, the correct option is 'Hydrogen carbonate ions'.
Question 4
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The respiratory centre in brain is stimulated by

A
$$CO_2$$ concentration in venous blood

B
$$O_2$$ concentration in venous blood

C
$$O_2$$ concentration in arterial blood

D
$$CO_2$$ concentration in arterial blood
Solution
A.Correct option-D
B. Explanation for correct option-D

In healthy individuals, the respiratory centre in the brain is stimulated by the presence of elevated carbon dioxide levels in the arterial blood.
The respiratory centre responds in order to signal the respiratory muscles to breathe.
Special chemical receptors present near the carotid arteries and aortic arteries are responsible for detecting a decrease in blood pH, increase in CO$$_2$$ levels.
When these carotid and aortic bodies detect low oxygen levels, they stimulate the respiratory centre in the brain to increase the rate and depth of breathing.
Question 5
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A dual organ is ...........

A
Trachea

B
Bronchus

C
Pharynx

D
Larynx

Solution

The larynx is an organ of complex structure that serves a dual function: as an air canal to the lungs and a controller of its access, and as the organ of phonation.
So, the correct option is 'Larynx'
Question 6
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Bulk of oxygen diffuses from the plasma into the red blood corpuscles where it joins loosely with $$Fe^{2+}$$ ions of haemoglobin (Hb) to form bright red oxyhaemoglobin (Hb$$O_{2}$$). The process is called

A
oxidation

B
oxygenation

C
hydration

D
dehydrogenation.

Solution

The process of addition of oxygen to an atom or a molecule in order to increase the concentration of oxygen in tissue is generally referred to as oxygenation. When the bulk of oxygen diffuses from the plasma into the red blood corpuscles where it joins loosely with Fe2+ ions of haemoglobin (Hb) to form bright red oxyhaemoglobin (HbO2) it is also an example of oxygenation.
So, the correct answeris 'oxygenation'.
Question 7
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Direction: Refer to the given graph and select the correct options for the questions that follow.

How much oxygen will be released to the tissues by blood on passing from lungs to tissues?

A
15mL of $$O_{2}$$/100mL of blood

B
70 mL of $$O_{2}$$/100 mL of blood

C
5mL of $$O_{2}$$/100mL of blood

D
20mL of $$O_{2}$$/100mL of blood

Solution

Out tissues usually take up approximately 25% of the oxygen in the tissue and the rest 75% remains unused in the human blood. So, if 20mL of $$O_2$$/100mL of blood is present in the blood going from the lungs to the tissues, only 5mL of $$O_2$$/100mL of blood will be taken up by the tissues.
So, the correct answer is '5mL of $$O_2$$/100mL of blood'.
Question 8
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Which of the following statements is true about RBCs in humans?

A
They carry about 20-25 per cent of $$CO_{2}$$.

B
They transport 99.5 per cent of $$O_{2}$$.

C
They transport about 80 per cent oxygen only and the rest 20 per cent of it is transported in dissolved state in blood-plasma.

D
They do not carry $$CO_{2}$$ at all.

Solution

Nearly 20-25% of $$CO_{2}$$ is transported by RBCs whereas 70% of it is carried as bicarbonate in plasma. About 7% of $$CO_{2}$$ is carried in a dissolved state through plasma. About 97% of $$O_{2}$$ is carried by RBCs in the blood. About 3% of $$O_{2}$$ Is transported in a dissolved state through the plasma.
So, the correct answer is 'They carry about 20-25 per cent of
CO2'
Question 9
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Blood carries the $$CO_{2}$$ in three -forms. The correct percentages of $$CO_{2}$$ in these forms are

A
As carbamino haemoglobin in RBC-20 - 25%, As bicarbonates 70%, Dissolved form in plasma7%

B
As carbamino haemoglobin in RBC-70%, As bicarbonates 20 - 25%, Dissolved form in plasma7%

C
As carbamino haemoglobin in RBC-20-25%, As bicarbonates7%, Dissolved form in plasma70%

D
As carbamino haemoglobin in RBC-7%, As bicarbonates 20-25%, Dissolved form in plasma 70%.

Solution

Nearly 20-25% of $$CO_{2}$$ is transported by RBCs whereas 70% of it is carried as bicarbonate in plasma. About 7% of $$CO_{2}$$ is carried in a dissolved state through plasma. About 97% of $$O_{2}$$ is carried by RBCs in the blood. About 3% of $$O_{2}$$ Is transported in a dissolved state through the plasma.
Question 10
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Which of the following equations is correct?

A

B

C

D

Solution

About 70% of $$CO_{2}$$ is transported in plasma in the form of bicarbonates. $$CO_{2}$$ diffuses into RBCs, combines with water and forms carbonic acid. Carbonic acid being unstable quickly dissociates into bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions. This reaction is thousand times faster in RBCs as compared to plasma, as RBC's contain carbonic anhydrase enzyme that reversibly catalyses the conversion of $$CO_{2}$$ and water to carbonic acid.