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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 7

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Breathing and Exchange of Gases Test 7
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    The air which is taken in or given out during a single breath is known as
    Solution
    The tidal volume is the volume of air inspired or expired with each normal breath and is also referred as tidal air. It amounts to about 500 millilitres (0.5 litres) in an adult.
    So, the correct answer is 'Tidal air'
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    When $$CO_2$$ concentration in blood increases, breathing becomes
    Solution
    • During the breathing process, the level of CO$$_2$$ in the blood acts directly on the brain as the respiratory mechanism is controlled by the medulla oblongata, part of the hindbrain. 
    • High levels of carbon dioxide correspond with high levels of acid (low pH) and signal the need for more oxygen. 
    • A rise in PCO$$_2$$ (a condition called hypercapnia) decreases the pH level of cerebrospinal fluid. 
    • This excites the central chemoreceptors resulting in an increase in the depth and rate of respiration, a condition called hyperventilation. The resulting increase in alveolar ventilation flushes carbon dioxide out of the blood which increases the blood pH.
    So, the correct answer is 'Faster and deeper'.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Which of the following conditions is responsible for increase in ventilation rate of lungs?
    Solution
    The level of $$CO_2$$ in the blood is the most important influence on the regulation of ventilation. The blood level of $$CO_2$$ acts directly on the respiratory centres in the medulla. A rise in $$PCO_2$$ (a condition called hypercapnia) decreases the pH level of cerebrospinal fluid. This excites the central chemoreceptors resulting in an increase in the depth and rate of respiration, a condition called hyperventilation.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    A substance that prevents or delays oxidation is
    Solution
    Antioxidants are chemicals that block the activity of other chemicals known as free radicals. Free radicals are highly reactive and have the potential to cause damage to cells, including damage that may lead to cancer.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Which animal has unpaired lungs
    Solution
    (d) Some snakes have only one bronchus and the right lung. in mammalian lungs each alveolar duct ends in a passage, called atrium, which leads into a number of rounded alveolar sacs. Each alveolar sac is studded with a large number of air sacs or alveoli. Alveoli are the sites of respiration.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    In which of the following disease, alveoli are deprived of oxygen due to flattening of tracheal vessels?
    Solution
    In emphysema, the inner walls of the air sacs weaken and eventually rupture creating one large air space instead of many small spaces. This reduces the surface area of the lungs and in turn the amount of oxygen that reaches the bloodstream. During exhalation, the damaged alveoli do not work properly and old air becomes trapped, leaving no space for fresh oxygen rich air to enter.
    So, the correct answer is 'Emphysema'
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Pneumotaxic centre is associated with
    Solution
    Pneumotaxic centre in pons coordinates the speed of inhalation and exhalation, sends inhibitory impulses to the inspiratory area and is involved in fine tuning of respiration rate.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Peritoneal layer of body cavity is made up of

    Solution
    Simple squamous or pavement epithelium occurs in the alveoli of lung, Bowman capsule, henle's loop, peritoneal lining of pleural cavity, pericardia! cavity abdominal cavity etc. 
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Asthma is characterised by
    Solution
    Asthma is a chronic lung condition. In asthma, the bronchi swell and muscles of the bronchioles spasm that carry air to and fro the lungs. This muscle spasm constricts the airways and blocks the flow of air.
    Thus, the correct answer is (A).
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Blood analysis of a patient reveals an unusually high quantity of carboxyhaemoglobin content. Which of the following conclusions is most likely to be correct?
    Solution
    Carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin approximately 200 times more tightly than oxygen. Normally, oxygen binds to hemoglobin in the lungs and gets released in areas with low oxygen partial pressure (e.g., active muscles). When carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin, it cannot be released as easily as oxygen. The slow release rate of carbon monoxide causes an accumulation of CO bound hemoglobin molecules. Because of this, fewer hemoglobin particles are available to bind and deliver oxygen, thus causing the gradual suffocation associated with carbon monoxide poisoning.
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