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Body Fluids and Circulation Test - 20

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Body Fluids and Circulation Test - 20
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Systemic heart refers to 
    Solution
    The circulatory system of humans as other higher vertebrates is divided into two separate circuits, the systemic circuit and the pulmonary circuit. Each of these circuits consists of a similar sequence of blood vessels. Blood is pumped out of the heart into arteries of decreasing size, that merge into arterioles before reaching the sites of exchange with the capillaries. Blood leaving the capillaries is gathered into venules and then veins before returning to the heart. The systemic circuit, the left side of the heart (left auricle and left ventricle), provides the pressure to propel blood to the entire body. The pulmonary circuit, the right side of the heart, takes blood to the lungs for gas exchange with the atmosphere.
    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    You are required to draw blood from a patient and to keep it in a test tube for analysis of blood corpuscles and plasma. You are also produced with the following four types of test tubes. Which of them will you not use for the purpose?
    Solution
    • Clotting of collected blood can be prevented by :
    • Coating test tubes with silicon (which produces non-wettable surface similar in its smoothness to the endothelial lining of blood vessels)
    • Adding chelating agents (includes trisodium citrate, sodium oxalate, and sodium EDTA) which remove calcium which is important for blood coagulation, and prevent blood clotting. Hence test tube containing calcium carbonate cannot be used.
    • Adding heparin, the most powerful anticoagulant which acts indirectly by activating plasma antithrombin III. 
    • Heparin is effective both in vivo and in vitro.
      Hence, the correct answer is A.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Blood flow ensures the transportation of
    Solution
    Blood is a connective tissue which flows all through the body  and circulates the important materials. It helps in transportation of nutrients, hormones, metabolic wastes, O$$_2$$ and CO$$_2$$ throughout the body to maintain cell level metabolism, the regulation of the pH, osmotic pressure and temperature of the whole body, and the protection from microbial and mechanical harms.
    So, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    To go to the left side of the heart from the right side the blood will have to cross
    Solution
    • Humans have a complete four-chambered heart characterized by double circulation and the blood passes twice through the heart during one cardiac cycle. 
    • The right side of the heart carries deoxygenated blood, which is pumped to the lungs from the right ventricle for oxygenation. 
    • The oxygenated blood is received by left ventricle from the lungs. The left ventricle pumps blood to the body for circulation. Thus there is complete separation between deoxygenated and oxygenated blood.
    So the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    The following questions refer to the diagram of adult human heart. chambers or vessels that carry oxygenated blood include which of the following?

    Solution
    In the adult human heart, there is complete separation of deoxygenated and oxygenated blood. The left side of the heart contains oxygenated blood whereas the right part of the heart contains deoxygenated blood. The left auricle (label 5) receives oxygenated blood from a pulmonary vein. The oxygenated blood is passed on to the left ventricle (label 6) through the mitral valve. The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body through the aorta (label 3).
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Which of the following statements are wrong?
    (a) Leucocytes disintegrate in the spleen and liver.
    (b) RBC, WBC and blood platelets are produced by bone marrow.
    (c) Neutrophils bring about destruction and detoxification of toxins of protein origin.
    (d) The important function of lymphocytes is to produce antibodies.
    Solution
    Leucocytes do not disintegrate in spleen and liver. 
    They are formed in the bone marrow.
    Neutrophils are mainly responsible for protection against infection. 
    When they come across the bacteria or any other foreign bodies, they engulf them through phagocytosis, thus playing a important role in cell defense. 
    Hence the correct option is C.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Which pair will be most important in initiating blood clotting?
    Solution
    Blood exhibits coagulation or clotting in response to an injury or trauma. This is a mechanism to prevent excessive loss of blood from the body. A clot is formed mainly of a network of threads, called fibrins, in which dead and damaged formed elements of blood are trapped. Fibrins are formed by the conversion of inactive fibrinogens in the plasma by the enzyme thrombin. Thrombin, in turn, is formed from another inactive substance present in the plasma called prothrombin. An enzyme complex, thrombokinase, is required for this activation. An injury or a trauma stimulates the platelets in the blood to release certain factors, which activate the mechanism of coagulation. Certain factors released by the tissues at the site of injury also can initiate coagulation. Calcium ions play a very important role in clotting.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    If a person is suffering from Christmas disease then he is deficient of 
    Solution
    Haemophilia B is a blood clotting disorder, caused by a mutation of the factor IX gene, leading to a deficiency of factor IX. It is the second most common form of haemophilia. It is sometimes called, Christmas disease, named after Stephen Christmas, the first patient described with this disease.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Labile factor is associated with
    Solution
    Coagulation (blood clotting) is a complex process that involves a positive feedback system. The factors involved are-
    Factor I Fibrinogen
    Factor II Prothrombin
    Factor III Tissue Factor (Thromboplastin)
    Factor IV Calcium
    Factor V Labile factor, proaccelerin, Ac-globulin
    Factor VII Stable factor, proconvertin
    Factor VIII Antihaemophilic globulin (AHG), Antihaemphilic factor A 
    Factor IX Christmas factor, plasma thromboplastin component
    Factor X Stuart power factor
    Factor XI Plasma thromboplastin antecedent
    Factor XII Hageman factor
    Factor XIII Fibrin stabilising factor
    Vitamin K is essential for synthesis of factors II, VII, IX and X.
    Their numbers represent the order in which they were discovered.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    During fibrinolysis, enzyme used is 
    Solution
    During an injury, the blood clot is formed at the site of injury The clot is made up of mesh of blood cells, factors, damaged tissues, platelets, microbes, fibrin strands, etc. Fibrinolysis is the process in which the clot formation is broken down. The enzyme plasmin cuts the fibrin mesh at various places, leading to the production of circulating fragments, that are cleared by other proteases or by the kidney and liver.
    Thus, the correct answer is option D. 
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