Body Fluids and Circulation Test - 6

a) Fibrinogen is a blood plasma protein that plays important role in blood clotting. During blood clotting process, fibrinogen is converted into fibrin. This fibrin forms a stable blood clot at the site of vascular disruption.

b) Globulin is a blood plasma protein. Gamma globulin (immunoglobulin) plays important role in the defence mechanism against antigen invasion.

c) Albumin is a protein that acts as a carrier protein which transport steroids, fatty acids and thyroid hormones in the blood. It also plays a major role in osmotic balance by stabilizing extracellular fluid volume.

Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Mammals have red blood cells lacking a nucleus. Other vertebrates, such as fish, reptiles and birds, have red blood cells that contain an inactive nucleus. Since carrying oxygen is the primary function of red blood cells, losing the nucleus means that these cells can pack more hemoglobin molecules per unit body weight. Frogs have a nucleus because they don't need much oxygen. Humans don't have a nucleus in their red blood cells because they need more oxygen than frogs, so our red blood cells eliminated the nucleus to fit more oxygen in. Frogs can breathe underwater and in air, so they don't need much oxygen, so their red blood cells didn't eliminate the nucleus. 

Hepatic portal veins carry the deoxygenated blood from the gastrointestinal tract, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen to the liver. It carries the nutrient-rich blood to the liver which is further processed there and returned back to the heart via inferior vena cava.

Correct Option: C

Explanation:

• • The hepatic vein carries the largest amount of urea in mammals.
  • It leads from the small intestine to the liver. 
  • Since the liver is the primary site for urea production the hepatic vein carries it in great concentration. 
  • It carries blood from the liver to the vena cava, which in turn, takes it to the heart. 

• Lymph has a similar composition to blood plasma and when initially formed, lymph is relatively colourless. Depending on where the lymph travels, the lymph will contain different concentrations of lymphocytes, proteins and fats. Lymph contains a variety of substances, including proteins, salts, glucose, fats, water, and white blood cells. Unlike blood, lymph does not normally contain any red blood cells.
• Blood plasma is composed of plasma, RBC, WBC and platelets.
• In blood, the serum  is the component that is neither a blood cell (serum does not contain white or red blood cells) nor a clotting factor; it is the blood plasma with the fibrinogens removed.

Correct Option: A

The P wave in the ECG represents atrial depolarization, which results in atrial contraction. 

• Eosinophils - Releases histamine, destructive enzymes.
• Basophils - are the cells with granules containing histamine.
• Neutrophils - are the phagocytic cells. They kill the microbes.
• Lymphocytes - are the cells that are part of the acquired immune system. They generate immune responses.

Thus, the correct answer is (D) - (a)−(iii), (b)−(iv), (c)−(ii), (d)−(i).

Lead zirconate titanate is an intermetallic inorganic compound. Also called as PZT, it is a ceramic material that shows a marked piezoelectric effect. Being piezoelectric, PZT develops a voltage (or potential difference) across two of its faces when compressed (useful for sensor applications), or physically changes shape when an external electric field is applied (useful for actuator applications). PZT-based materials are components of ultrasound transducers and ceramic capacitors and thus, is a key component of sonography.