Body Fluids and Circulation Test

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Body Fluids and Circulation Test - 79

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

QRS complex of a standard ECG represents

A
Excitation or depolarisation of atria

B
Depolarisation of ventricles

C
Repolarisation of ventricles

D
None of the above.
Solution
A.Correct option -B
B.Explanation for correct option
An ECG shows five consecutive waves: P, Q, R, S and T.
The P wave represents depolarisation of the atria and leads to contraction of both atria.
The QRS complex represents depolarisation of ventricles which leads to initiation of ventricular contraction.
T wave represents the return of ventricles from excited to normal state.
Question 2
1 / -0

Which of the following is necessary to start clotting of blood?

A
Heparin

B
Serotonin

C
Thromboplastin and $$Ca^{2+}$$

D
Fibrinogen and prothrombin
Solution
A. Correct option C
B. Explanation for correct option :
Coagulation is the process in which blood changes from a fluid consistency to a gel forming blood coagulation .
Thromboplastin and Ca++ are necessary to start clotting of blood.
In presence of Ca++, prothromboplastin is converted into thromboplastin. This thromboplastin and Ca++ converts prothrombin into thrombin. The thrombin then converts fibrinogen into fibrin.
This fibrin aids in clotting of blood .
Hence option C is correct
Question 3
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Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Which of the following is a function of blood and associated blood vessels?

A
Maintenance of osmotic balance of fluids in tissues and blood stream

B
Protection of the body against invading microorganisms

C
Transport of hormones

D
All of the above

Solution

The functions of blood are:
1. Transport of nutrition: The blood is the means whereby all nourishment is transported to the cells.
2. Transport of respiratory gases: The blood transports Oxygen as oxy hemoglobin from the lungs to the blood cells and returns carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs for excretion.
3. Drainage of Waste Products: The blood removes all waste products from the tissues and cells. These waste products are transported to the appropriate organs for excretion-lungs, kidney's, intestine, skin etc.
4. Defense actions: The blood aids in the defense of the body against the invasion of micro-organisms and their toxins due to: (a) The phagocyte action of neutrophils and monocytes (b) The presence of antibodies and antitoxins.
5. Blood Clotting: By the mechanism of clotting, loss of blood cells and body fluids is prevented.
So, the correct option is 'All of the above'.
Question 4
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Which of the four couples claiming the baby with O+ blood type are possible the biological presents of it?

A
AB- and A+

B
A+ and O-

C
O+ and AB+

D
B- and O-

Solution

From the given chart, we can estimate the blood group for the child if the blood group of the parent is given and vice versa.
Also, the Rh factors will be transferred to the child if one of the parents is rhesus positive.
So, the correct option is 'A+ and O-'
Question 5
1 / -0

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Water enters capillaries on the venule side as a result of:

A
higher red blood cell concentration on this side

B
increased blood pressure on this side

C
an osmotic pressure gradient

D
active transport from tissue fluid
Solution
- Materials, including oxygen, carbon dioxide, amino acids, sugars, and water, are exchanged between the blood and tissue fluid within blood vessels known as capillaries.
- Blood pressure and osmotic pressure control the pressure in a capillary. Blood pressure, caused by the heart’s beating, is higher at the arterial end of the capillary and causes water to exit at that point.
- On the other hand, blood pressure is weak by the time blood reaches the venous end of the capillary, and osmotic pressure becomes higher, causing water to enter at that end.
So, the correct option is 'An osmotic pressure gradient'.
Question 6
1 / -0

Serum differs from blood in lacking

A
Globulins

B
Albumins

C
Clotting factors

D
Antibodies

Solution

Blood is composed of a clear, straw coloured, watery fluid called plasma in which different types of blood cells are suspended.
Serum is that part of blood which is similar in composition with plasma but does not contain clotting factors of blood. It includes all proteins not used in blood clotting and all the electrolytes, antibodies, antigens, hormones, etc.
So, the correct option is C.
Question 7
1 / -0

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Which of the following ions is involved in blood clotting?

A
$$K^+$$

B
$$Na^+$$

C
$$Fe^{+++}$$

D
$$Ca^{++}$$

Solution

Blood coagulation is a complex biochemical process involving platelets and many proteins (enzymes). Calcium is involved at several steps in the blood clotting, including the activation of the platelets, activation of clotting factors and enzymes which are present in the blood in inactive form. The $$Ca^{++}$$ ions bind with prothrombin and covert it into active form thrombin. The thrombin in turn converts fibrinogen into fibrin (a thread like protein) which traps red blood cells and helps in the formation of clot.
So, the correct option is '$$Ca^{++}$$'.
Question 8
1 / -0

In ECG, P-R interval corresponds to

A
Time delay in A-V node

B
S-A nodal conduction time

C
Increased ventricular contraction

D
Time interval between onset of ventricular contraction.
Solution
- Each peak in the ECG is identified with a letter from P to T that corresponds to a specific electrical activity of the heart.
- The P- wave represents the electrical excitation or depolarization of the atria.
- The QRS complex represents the depolarization of the ventricles which initiates the ventricular contraction.
- The contraction starts shortly after Q and marks the beginning of the systole.
- The T- wave represents the return of the ventricles from excited to a normal state or repolarization.
- The end of the T-wave marks the end of systole.
So, the correct option is 'Time delay in A-V node'.
Question 9
1 / -0

ECG depicts the depolarisation and repolarisation processes during the cardiac cycle. In the ECG of a normal healthy individual one of the following waves is not represented.

A
Depolarisation of atria

B
Repolarisation of atria

C
Depolarisation of ventricles

D
Repolarisation of ventricles

Solution

Correct option: B

Explanation:

P wave – depolarization of atria

QRS wave – depolarization of ventricles

T wave – repolarization of ventricles

Repolarization of atria is not shown in the ECG.

Hence, ‘repolarization of atria’ is correct answer.
Question 10
1 / -0

Select the incorrectly matched pair.

A
Leukopenia - Fall in WBCs count

B
Polycythemia - Abnormal rise in RBCs count

C
Thrombocytosis - Decrease in number of platelets

D
Erythrocytopenia - Decrease in number of RBCs
Solution
Correct Explanation: C
Explanation:
Thrombocytosis is a condition in which there is an increase in the normal range of platelets.
The common symptoms for people suffering from this are headache, dizziness, chest pain, weakness, etc.
Hence, the incorrectly matched pair is Thrombocytosis- decrease in the number of platelets instead it would be Thrombocytosis- increase in the number of platelets.

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Body Fluids and Circulation Test - 79

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Question 1

Excitation or depolarisation of atria

Depolarisation of ventricles

Repolarisation of ventricles

None of the above.

Solution

Question 2

Heparin

Serotonin

Thromboplastin and $$Ca^{2+}$$

Fibrinogen and prothrombin

Solution

Question 3

Maintenance of osmotic balance of fluids in tissues and blood stream

Protection of the body against invading microorganisms

Transport of hormones

All of the above

Solution

Question 4

AB- and A+

A+ and O-

O+ and AB+

B- and O-

Solution

Question 5

higher red blood cell concentration on this side

increased blood pressure on this side

an osmotic pressure gradient

active transport from tissue fluid

Solution

Question 6

Globulins

Albumins

Clotting factors

Antibodies

Solution

Question 7

$$K^+$$

$$Na^+$$

$$Fe^{+++}$$

$$Ca^{++}$$

Solution

Question 8

Time delay in A-V node

S-A nodal conduction time

Increased ventricular contraction

Time interval between onset of ventricular contraction.

Solution

Question 9

Depolarisation of atria

Repolarisation of atria

Depolarisation of ventricles

Repolarisation of ventricles

Solution

Question 10

Leukopenia - Fall in WBCs count

Polycythemia - Abnormal rise in RBCs count

Thrombocytosis - Decrease in number of platelets

Erythrocytopenia - Decrease in number of RBCs

Solution

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