Body Fluids and Circulation Test

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Body Fluids and Circulation Test - 80

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Question 1
1 / -0

When blood is taken out, anticoagulants like oxalate/sodium citrate can be added to prevent blood clotting. These anticoagulants work by

A
Preventing action of blood clotting factor III

B
Preventing action of heparin

C
Preventing action of blood clotting factor IV

D
Promoting the action of heparin

Solution

A) Anticoagulants like sodium citrate depress prothrombin (prothrombin is blood clotting factor II) activity by precipitating ionized calcium (calcium aids in clotting). Blood clotting factor III is tissue thromboplastin (tissue factor) which is not affected here.
B) Heparin is an anticoagulant by itself.
C) Ionised calcium $${ Ca }^{ ++ }$$ is blood clotting factor IV. Its action is prevented by anticoagulants like oxalate/sodium citrate.
D) These anticoagulants do not promote the action of heparin.
So the correct answer is 'Preventing action of blood clotting factor IV'.
Question 2
1 / -0

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A
Veins are typically larger in diameter than arteries.

B
Because of their small size, blood flows more rapidly in capillaries than in other parts of circulatory system.

C
Walls of arteries are elastic enabling them to stretch and shrink during changes in blood pressure.

D
Veins contain more blood than any other part of circulatory system.
Solution
- Arteries have thick, elastic walls and narrow lumen while veins have thinner, scarcely elastic walls and wide lumen.
- Arteries branch out into smaller and thinner blood vessels called arterioles. These divide into smaller vessels to provide blood to all the cells. The thinnest blood vessels are called capillaries. The flow of blood is very slow in capillaries.
- The walls of arteries are a muscular and elastic coat. It consists of unstriated muscle fibres with some yellow elastic fibres are arranged in a circular manner. It holds the blood vessel open. This layer determines the amount of supply of blood to an organ and it maintains the blood pressure.
- Veins bring back blood from the tissues and organs to the heart. The blood in veins flows under less pressure than that in arteries. Therefore, veins can accommodate more blood.
So, the correct answer is 'Because of their small size, blood flows rapidly in capillaries than in other parts of circulatory system'.
Question 3
1 / -0

A boy has the blood group 0. What is true of the inheritance of this blood group in his case?

A
His mother should be with AB blood group

B
Both his parents could be heterozygous A group

C
His father could be homozygous B group

D
His mother could be homozygous A group

Solution

If the boy has blood group o, both his parents could probably be heterozygous A group, $$I^AI^O$$, in both the parents.
So, the correct option is 'Both his parents could be heterozygous A group'.
Question 4
1 / -0

Directions For Questions

The table below shows the data on different traits, like breathing rate, body temperature and heart rate of four different mammals as $$A, B, C$$ and $$D$$
Animals Breathing rate
(inhalations/ min) Heart rate
(beats/min) Body temperature $$(^oC)$$
A. 160 500 36.5
B. 15 40 37.2
C. 28 190 38.2
D. 8 28 35.9

...view full instructions

Which animal has the highest surface area to volume ratio?

A
D

B
C

C
A

D
B

Solution

Smaller animals tend to have a larger surface area to volume ratios. Smaller animals have breathing and heart rate faster than that of larger animals. It’s particularly true of mammals and birds, which are mostly terrestrial and “warm-blooded.” These animals generate heat by increasing their metabolic rate, that is, they produce energy by using oxygen to metabolize food.
Animals generate energy within the volume of their bodies but lose it at the surface. Because smaller mammals and birds have a higher surface to volume ratio, they lose heat rapidly and have to generate more to keep their core temperature at the right point. Large animals with their lower surface area to volume ratio have fewer problems losing heat.
So, the correct answer is 'A'.
Question 5
1 / -0

Find the incorrect answer from the following?

A
Veins are typically larger in diameter than arteries

B
Because of their small size,capillaries contain blood that is moving more quickly than in other parts of the circulatory system

C
The walls of arteries are elastic,enabling them to stretch and shrink during changes in blood pressure

D
Veins contain more blood than any other part of the circulatory system

Solution

As blood is pumped by the heart directly into the aorta, the blood travels at 30 cm/sec. From the aorta, blood flows into the arteries and arterioles and, ultimately, to the capillary beds. As it reaches the capillary beds, the rate of flow is dramatically (one-thousand times) slower than the rate of flow in the aorta.
So, the correct option is 'Because of their small size, capillaries contain blood that is moving more quickly than in other parts of the circulatory system'.
Question 6
1 / -0

Platelets are formed by .....P ..... of special cells in ....Q.......

A
P - Division , Q - Bone Marrow

B
P - Division , Q - Lymph nodes

C
P - Fragmentation , Q - Bone Marrow

D
P - Fragmentation , Q - Lymph nodes

Solution

Platelets are formed by the fragmentation of special cells named megakaryocytes in bone marrow cell so answer is option.
C. P- FRAGMENTATION , Q - Bone marrow
Question 7
1 / -0

A patient was administered a chemical agent called Guanfacine hydrochloride after the patient showed the symptoms like shortness of breath and headache. Guantacme hydrochloride is a known stimulant of central $$\alpha - 2 $$ -adrenergic receptors of the medulla regulating the sympathetic nervous system. The patient in this case must be suffering from

A
Hypertension

B
Hyperslimulation

C
Hyperpolarization

D
None of the above

Solution

Alpha 2 receptors in the brain stem and in the periphery inhibit sympathetic activity and thus lower blood pressure.
Guanfacine is an antihypertensive drug whose principal mechanism of action is the stimulation of central α2-adrenergic receptors. By stimulating these receptors, guanfacine reduces sympathetic nerve impulses from the vasomotor center to the heart and blood vessels. This decreases blood pressure.
So, the correct option is 'Hypertension'.
Question 8
1 / -0

During acute myocardial infarction which of the following changes occurs in the ECG.

A
Flattened T wave

B
Depressed ST segment

C
Elevated ST segment

D
Increased length of PQ interval

Solution

An electrocardiogram or an ECG uses an instrument to record the electrical activities of the heart. It records the electrical impulses, more specifically the change in the electrical impulses of the heart, and plots it on a graph. The readings of an individual’s ECG are compared with a standard ECG to evaluate the working of the heart and checking it for any abnormalities or diseases. It basically records the electrical activity of an individual in the form of waves that recur with each next beat of the heart. In the case of an acute myocardial infarction, the ECG of a person will show an elevated ST segment.

So, the correct answer is 'Elevated ST segment'.
Question 9
1 / -0

Which of these are necessary for initiation of blood clotting process?

A
Prothrombinase and thrombin

B
Tissue factor hageman factor and $$Ca^{2+}$$

C
Prothrobinase and $$K^{2+}$$

D
Prothrobinase , tissue factor and $$Ca^{2+}$$
Solution
There are two processes that can initiate clotting
A very rapid process the so-called extrinsic pathway
A slower but larger intrinsic pathway
In the extrinsic pathway- Damaged cells display a surface protein called tissue factor
In the intrinsic pathway- Factor 12 (XII) (also called the Hageman factor) circulates in the blood.
Calcium ions are required for the promotion or acceleration of blood clotting pathways
So correct option is B, Tissue factor hageman factor and $$Ca^{2+}$$.
Question 10
1 / -0

Given below is the diagrammatic sketch of a standard ECG. Identify the parts labeled P, Q, R, S, and T and select the right option about them.

A
P-Atrial polarization, QRS- Ventricular systole, T-Atrial systole

B
P-Atrial systole, QRS-Ventricular systole, T- Atrial diastole

C
P-Atrial systole, QRS-Beginning of ventricular systole, T-End of ventricular systole

D
P- Atrial diastole, QRS-Ventricular systole, T-Ventricular diastole

Solution

The P peak of ECG represents the Atrial depolarisation i.e. Atrial activation. It is followed by atrial systole. QRS represents depolarization of ventricles i.e. ventricular systole and T is Atrial diastole or repolarisation.
So, the correct option is 'P-Atrial systole, QRS-Ventricular systole, T-Atrial diastole'.

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Animals	Breathing rate (inhalations/ min)	Heart rate (beats/min)	Body temperature $$(^oC)$$
A.	160	500	36.5
B.	15	40	37.2
C.	28	190	38.2
D.	8	28	35.9

Body Fluids and Circulation Test - 80

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Body Fluids and Circulation Test - 80

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Preventing action of blood clotting factor III

Preventing action of heparin

Preventing action of blood clotting factor IV

Promoting the action of heparin

Solution

Question 2

Veins are typically larger in diameter than arteries.

Because of their small size, blood flows more rapidly in capillaries than in other parts of circulatory system.

Walls of arteries are elastic enabling them to stretch and shrink during changes in blood pressure.

Veins contain more blood than any other part of circulatory system.

Solution

Question 3

His mother should be with AB blood group

Both his parents could be heterozygous A group

His father could be homozygous B group

His mother could be homozygous A group

Solution

Question 4

D

C

A

B

Solution

Question 5

Veins are typically larger in diameter than arteries

Because of their small size,capillaries contain blood that is moving more quickly than in other parts of the circulatory system

The walls of arteries are elastic,enabling them to stretch and shrink during changes in blood pressure

Veins contain more blood than any other part of the circulatory system

Solution

Question 6

P - Division , Q - Bone Marrow

P - Division , Q - Lymph nodes

P - Fragmentation , Q - Bone Marrow

P - Fragmentation , Q - Lymph nodes

Solution

Question 7

Hypertension

Hyperslimulation

Hyperpolarization

None of the above

Solution

Question 8

Flattened T wave

Depressed ST segment

Elevated ST segment

Increased length of PQ interval

Solution

Question 9

Prothrombinase and thrombin

Tissue factor hageman factor and $$Ca^{2+}$$

Prothrobinase and $$K^{2+}$$

Prothrobinase , tissue factor and $$Ca^{2+}$$

Solution

Question 10

P-Atrial polarization, QRS- Ventricular systole, T-Atrial systole

P-Atrial systole, QRS-Ventricular systole, T- Atrial diastole

P-Atrial systole, QRS-Beginning of ventricular systole, T-End of ventricular systole

P- Atrial diastole, QRS-Ventricular systole, T-Ventricular diastole

Solution

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