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Locomotion and Movement Test - 28

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Locomotion and Movement Test - 28
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is a part of pectoral girdle?
    Solution
    • A pectoral girdle or shoulder girdle attach the bones of upper limb to the axial skeleton.
    • Each pectoral girdle is formed of two halves. Each half of pectoral girdle consists of a scapula and clavicle. 
    • Glenoid cavity is a shallow, pyriform articular surface, which is located on the lateral angle of the scapula. It articulates with the humerus to form the shoulder joint. Hence glenoid cavity is a part of the pectoral girdle.
    • So, the correct answer is 'Glenoid cavity'.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Gastrocnemius muscles are found in
    Solution
    • The two major types of muscles that make up the calf (back portion of the lower leg) are gastrocnemius and soleus muscle.
    • Along with the soleus muscle, the gastrocnemius forms half of the calf muscle. Its function is plantar flexing the foot at the ankle joint and flexing the leg at the knee joint.
    • Hence gastrocnemius muscles are found in shank(a person's leg, especially the part from the knee to the ankle).
    • So, the correct answer is 'Shank'.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Number of bones in hindlimb of human is
    Solution
    • The bones of the limbs(forelimb and hindlimb) along with their girdles (pectoral and pelvic) constitute the appendicular skeleton.
    • The bones of the hind limb are femur (thigh bone – the longest bone), tibia and fibula, tarsals (ankle bones – 7 in number), metatarsals (5 in number) and phalanges (digits – 14 in number). Hence number of bones in the hind limb of human is 30.
    • So, the correct answer is '30'.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Astragalus and calcaneum are part of
    Solution
    • Hindlimb is composed of  Femur (thigh bone – the longest bone), tibia and fibula, tarsals (ankle bones – 7 in number), metatarsals (5 in number) and phalanges (digits – 14 in number).
    • The joint between the bones of crus, i.e. shin (tibia and fibula) and the proximal tarsal bones, i.e. Astragalus and calcaneum is called crurotarsal bones.
    • As tarsals are the bones of the hind limb, the tarsal bones i.e Astragalus and calcaneum are part of the hind limb.
    • So, the correct answer is 'Hind limb'.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Two halves of pelvic girdle are joined together by
    Solution
    Each pelvic girdle is composed of two hip bones. Pubic symphasis is a specialized joint where the pubis of one hip bone joins with the pubis of opposite hip bone. So the two halves of pelvic girdle are joined together by pubic symphasis. So, the correct answer is 'Pectoral girdle'. 
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Coracoid is component of
    Solution
    Coracoid is one of the three components of the pectoral girdle. The coracoid connects the cranial edge of the sternum to the shoulder joint complex. The coracoid process articulates with the humerus and clavicle bones. 
    So, the correct answer is 'Pectoral girdle'. 
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Identify the thick myofilament from the given contractile proteins.
    Solution
    • Skeletal muscle fiber is made up of two types of filaments. They are thick filament and thin filament.
    • Thick filament is made up of a protein called Myosin. Actin filaments are thinner as compared to the myosin filaments, hence are commonly called thin and thick filaments respectively
    • Each myosin (thick filament) is made up of Many monomeric proteins called Meromyosins.
    • Hence the thick myofilament from the given contractile proteins is myosin.
    • So.the correct answer is 'Myosin'.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Acetabulum is a part of
    Solution
    • Pelvic girdle consists of two coxal bones. Each coxal bone is formed by the fusion of three bones i.e each half of pelvic girdle is made up of ilium, ischium, and pubis.
    •  At the point of fusion of the ilium, ischium and pubis bones there is a cavity called acetabulum to which the thigh bone(femur) articulates. Hence acetabulum is a part of the pelvic girdle.
    • So, the correct answer is 'Pelvic girdle'.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Which of these ions are involved in muscle contraction? 
    Solution
    • Active sites for myosin(Thick filament) are present on actin which are masked by troponin in resting state. when  Ca++ level increases it leads to the binding of calcium with a subunit of troponin on actin(thin) filaments and thereby remove the masking of active sites for myosin.
    • Utilizing the energy from ATP hydrolysis, the myosin head now binds to the exposed active sites on actin to form a cross bridge. 
    • This pulls the attached actin filaments towards the centre of ‘A’ band.
    •  The ‘Z’ line attached to these actins are also pulled inwards thereby causing a shortening of the sarcomere, i.e., contraction.
    • Magnesium also plays a role in regulating muscle contractions. Magnesium acts as a natural calcium blocker to help muscles relax. Hence Ca++ and Mg++ ions are involved in muscle contractions.
    • So, the correct answer is 'Ca$$^{2+}$$ and Mg$$^{2+}$$'.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    The functional unit of contractile system of a striated muscle is:
    Solution
    • Each myofibril(a unit of the muscle cell) has alternate dark and light bands on it.
    • The light bands contain actin and are called I-band or Isotropic band, whereas the dark band called ‘A’ or Anisotropic band contains myosin.
    •  In the center of each ‘I’ band is an elastic fibre called ‘Z’ line which bisects it. The thin filaments are firmly attached to the ‘Z’ line.
    •  The ‘A’ and ‘I’ bands are arranged alternately throughout the length of the myofibrils. 
    • The sarcomere is considered as the functional unit of contraction. The portion of the myofibril between two successive ‘Z’ lines is considered as a sarcomere. Hence The functional unit of the contractile system of a striated muscle is sarcomere.
    • So, the correct answer is 'Sarcomere'.
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