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Locomotion and Movement Test - 32

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Locomotion and Movement Test - 32
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Identify the correct description.
    Solution
    • Joints are points of contact between bones, or between bones and cartilages.
    • A suture is a type of fibrous joint that is only found in the skull. The skull bones are joined by the sutures.
    • Parietal bone and temporal bone are skull bones.
    • Hence parietal bone and temporal bone of skull are joined by fibrous joint.
    • So, the correct answer is 'Parietal bone and temporal bone of skull are joined by fibrous joint'.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle, mostly due to genetic disorder occurs in
    Solution
    • Muscular dystrophy is a group of inherited muscle diseases in which muscle fibers are unusually susceptible to damage.
    • It is characterized by progressive skeletal muscle degeneration, defects in muscle proteins and the death of muscle cell and tissue.
    • Hence progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle, mostly due to genetic disorder occurs in muscular dystrophy.
    • So, the correct answer is 'Muscular dystrophy'.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Myasthenia gravis is an example of
    Solution
    • Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which tissue injury is caused by humoral(autoantibodies)or cell-mediated(by autoreactive T cells) immune response to self-antigens.
    • Myasthenia gravis is caused by an autoantibody against muscle antigen and acetylcholine receptor antigen.
    • Myasthenia gravis is characterized by increased muscular weakness the make one fatigue. speaking, breathing and talking becomes tired some. Hence myasthenia gravis is an example of autoimmune disease.
    • So, the correct answer is 'Autoimmune disease'.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    The amoeboid movements result from_____________.
    Solution
    Interaction among actin, myosin and ATP
    The amoeba uses two mechanically distinct mechanisms to push itself forward a filopodia - lamellipodia mechanism that depends on action polymerisation and a bleb mechanism in which a local region of membrane where the cortical - cytoplasmic pressure generated by myosin. 
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following secretes a watery fluid for lubricating and cushioning the joint?
    Solution
    • Joints are points of contact between bones, or between bones and cartilages.
    • Synovial joints are characterized by the presence of a fluid-filled synovial cavity between the articulating surfaces of the two bones. These joints help in locomotion and many other movements.
    • The synovial cavity is covered by the synovial membrane which secretes a watery fluid called synovial fluid for the lubricating and cushioning joint.
    • So, the correct answer is 'Synovial membrane'.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Which among the following is not involved in the muscular contraction?
    Solution
    • Active sites for myosin(Thick filament) are present on actin which are masked by troponin in resting state. when  Ca++ level increases it leads to the binding of calcium with a subunit of troponin on actin(thin) filaments and thereby remove the masking of active sites for myosin.
    • Utilizing the energy from ATP hydrolysis, the myosin head now binds to the exposed active sites on actin to form a cross bridge. 
    • This pulls the attached actin filaments towards the centre of ‘A’ band.
    •  The ‘Z’ line attached to these actins are also pulled inwards thereby causing a shortening of the sarcomere, i.e., contraction.
    • magnesium acts as a natural calcium blocker to help muscles relax. Hence Mg ion is not involved in the muscular contraction but it is involved in muscle relaxation by blocking calcium ions.
    • So, the correct answer is 'Mg'
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Cross bridges of sarcomere in skeletal muscle are made up of 
    Solution
    • Active sites for myosin (Thick filament) are present on actin which are masked by troponin in resting state. when  Ca++ level increases it leads to the binding of calcium with a subunit of troponin on actin(thin) filaments and thereby remove the masking of active sites for myosin.
    • Utilizing the energy from ATP hydrolysis, the myosin head now binds to the exposed active sites on actin to form a cross bridge. thus myosin forms cross bridges.
    • This pulls the attached actin filaments towards the centre of ‘A’ band.
    •  The ‘Z’ line attached to these actins are also pulled inwards thereby causing a shortening of the sarcomere, i.e., contraction.
    • Hence cross bridges of sarcomere in skeletal muscle are made up of myosin.
    • So, the correct answer is 'Myosin'.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Label the correct part of myosin monomer

    Solution
    • Each myosin (thick) filament is also a polymerized protein. Many monomeric proteins called Meromyosins constitute one thick filament.
    •  Each meromyosin has two important parts, a globular head(a) with a short arm and a tail, the former being called the heavy meromyosin (HMM) and the latter, the light meromyosin (LMM). The HMM component, i.e.; the head and short arm projects outwards at regular distance and angle from each other from the surface of a polymerized myosin filament and is known as the cross arm(b).
    •  The globular head has an active ATPase enzyme(d) and has binding sites for ATP and active sites for actin(c). 
    • So, the correct answer is 'a - head, b - cross arm, c - actin binding site, d - ATP binding site'
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Select the correct statement about muscular disorder.
    Solution
    • Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which tissue injury is caused by humoral (autoantibodies) or cell-mediated (by autoreactive T cells) immune response to self-antigens.
    • Myasthenia gravis is caused by an autoantibody against muscle antigen and acetylcholine receptor antigen.
    • It is characterized by increased muscular weakness the make one fatigue. speaking, breathing and talking becomes tired some. The failure of neuromuscular transmission in myasthenia gravis can prevent normal swallowing.
    • So, the correct answer is 'Failure of neuromuscular transmission in myasthenia gravis can prevent normal swallowing'.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Monomeric actin is known as 
    Solution
    • Skeletal muscle fiber is made up of two types of filaments. They are thick filament(myosin) and thin filament(actin). 
    • Each actin (thin) filament is made of two ‘F’ (filamentous) actins helically wound to each other. Each ‘F’ actin is a polymer of monomeric ‘G’ (Globular) actins.
    • Hence monomeric actin is known as G-actin.
    • So,the correct answer is 'G-actin'.
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