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Locomotion and Movement Test - 34

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Locomotion and Movement Test - 34
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Ion connected with forming cross bridges is
    Solution
    Cross bridge cycling forms the basis for movements and force production in the muscle cells. The myosin heads are known as cross bridges because they can bind and move along actin filament. Sarcomere is a stretch of myofibril between two z lines where myosin is in center and actin at periphery, slightly overlapping myosin. Nerve impulse causes release of calcium ions from sarcoplasmic reticulum and binds to troponin which changes configuration of tropomyosin and exposes cross bridge heads on myosin allowing actin myosin binding. This causes contraction of muscle fibre. ATP is required for myosin to dissociate from actin. The calcium ions released from sarcoplasmic reticulum regulate when cross bridging cycle can occur. 
    Therefore option B is correct
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    The diagram given below represents the histology of a striped muscle. Label the parts $$A, B, C, D, E$$ and $$F$$.

    Solution
    A- Light band present on the myofibril is called I- band or isotropic band. It consists of only actin filaments.
    B- Sarcoplasm is enclosed by sarcolemma which contains many nuclei.
    C- Myofibril is made up of two types of myofilaments which are thick and thin.
    D- Sarcolemma is the plasma membrane of muscle fibre.
    E- Nucleus 
    F- Dark band present on the myofibril is called A- band or anisotropic band. 
    So, the correct answer is 'A- light band, B- sarcoplasm, C- myofibril, D- sarcolemma, E- nucleus, F- dark band'. 
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    The H-zone in the skeletal muscle fibre is due to
    Solution
    H-zone is the area of A-band without thin filaments. This zone contains only thick filaments excluding the thin filaments on either side. So H-zone in the skeletal muscle fiber is considered as area due to the central gap between the actin filaments extending through myosin filaments in the A-band.
    So the correct option is C.

  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    The monomeric actin is called as
    Solution
    Actin is the thin filament of the muscles. It is a polymer made of many monomers. The monomers of actin are globular in shape and hence called Globular-actin or G-actin. Monomers together form straight chains of polymer action. The polymer action is called F-actin.
    So the correct option is C.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following membranes secretes a watery fluid that lubricates and cushions the joint ?
    Solution
    The synovial membrane is the membrane that lines the articular surfaces of the bones of the synovial joint. Its secretes a watery fluid that lubricates and cushions the joint. It reduces the friction during movement.
    Tendon is a cord of strong fibrous collagen tissue that connects muscles to bones and doesn't secrete any fluid. 
    The ligament is a band of flexible fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone and doesn't secret any fluid. 
    Cartilage is a tough and flexible material that acts as a cushion between the bones of joints and doesn't secret any fluid. 
    So the correct option is D.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Name the ion responsible for unmasking of active sites for myosin for cross-bridge activity during muscle contraction.
    Solution
    Calcium is the ion released into the sarcoplasma from sarcoplasmic reticulum during the polarisation.  Ca++ attaches to the Troponin-C. This brings a confirmational change in the tropomyosin. As a result unmasking of active sites on actin for myosin takes place. Cross bridges are formed between actin and myosin. This results in muscle contraction.
    Magnesium is used in phosphorylation reactions involving ATP.
    Sodium and potassium help in maintaining the membrane potential.
    So the correct option is A.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Upon stimulation of skeletal muscles, calcium is immediately made available for binding to troponin from :
    Solution
    • Neurotransmitter acetylcholine generates an action potential in the sarcolemma causing the release of calcium ions into the sarcoplasm from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
    • The sarcoplasmic reticulum acts as a reservoir for calcium ions in muscle cells. 
    • When $$Ca^{++}$$ level increases it leads to the binding of calcium with a sub-unit of troponin on actin(thin) filaments and thereby activating the movement.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Hypocalcemia (decreased $$Ca^{+2}$$ level of plasma) can lead to ______________.
    Solution
    Hypocalcemia is a condition in which there are lower-than-average levels of calcium in the liquid part of the blood or the plasma. It can be caused by lack of vitamin D.
    In severe cases, symptoms include muscle cramps, confusion, and tingling in the lips and fingers, which is called tetany.
    So, the current option is A.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Loss of calcium due to lack of reabsorption causes
    Solution
    Loss of calcium due to lack of reabsorption causes osteoporosis. It is a condition of decreased bone density. In this, the bone becomes weak and fragile. Arthritis is a condition of pain and inflammation of joint. Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular disease that causes skeletal muscle weakness. It mainly affects eyes and face. Muscular dystrophy is a genetic disease that causes progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass.
    Thus, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    In Myasthenia gravis, acetylcholine __________________.
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