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Neural Control and Coordination Test - 16

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Neural Control and Coordination Test - 16
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    In the retina of human eye, the cones are concentrated more at the    
    Solution
    The point of exit of optic nerve from eye forms a “blind spot” in the retina which is devoid of both rods and cones and hence no image is formed on it. Rods and cones are the secondary photoreceptors that are presently buried under the layer of blood vessels and nerve fibers throughout the retina. Rod cells are mostly concentrated near the edges of retina while densely packed cones are present in the fovea. The choroid is a dark pigmented thin vascular layer and is characterized by the presence of many blood vessels but no cones and rods. 
    So, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Human eye lens is
    Solution
    • At rest, the lens in the normal eye focuses images of distant objects on the retina.
    • It acts in much the same way as a biconvex optical glass lens, however, it cannot be moved forward.
    • Thus, the refractive power of the lens is a function of the curvature of the lens surfaces, as well as the refractive index of the cell mass. 
    • The closely packed, highly ordered array of lens cells is essential for optical quality, and even small defects in lens fibre cell anatomy can cause detectable spherical aberration.

      So, the answer is - 'Biconvex and cannot be moved forward'.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Match the following and choose the correct option.
      Column I   Column II
     A Fovea 1 Provides opening for entry of light
     B Iris 2 Maximum visual acuity
     C Pupil 3 Transmits information to CNS
     D Lens    4 Controls amount of light entering
     E Optic nerve    5 Focuses light on the retina
    Solution
    The fovea centralis is the central portion of the human retina, that has the most acute vision and the best color perception. The cones have 3 types of specific photopigments - red, green and blue, or RGB. Most of the color sensitive cones are packed in the fovea centralis.
    The colored part of the eye is called as the iris. It controls light levels inside the eye similar to the aperture on a camera. The round opening in the center of the iris is called as the pupil. The iris is embedded with tiny muscles, that dilate (widen) and constrict (narrow) the pupil size.
    The lens, by changing shape, functions to change the focal distance of the eye, so that it can focus on objects at various distances, thus allowing a sharp real image of the object of interest to be formed on the retina, which is then transmitted to the brain by the optical nerve.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Eye balls will not be moved inwards on the damage of which of following muscles?
    Solution
    The medial rectus is an adductor, and functions along with the lateral rectus which abducts the eye. These two muscles allow the eyes to move from side to side.
    So, option D is the correct option.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    The human eye is sensitive only to light having wave length ranging from 
    Solution
    The human eye is sensitive to violet (400 nm) to red (700 nm ) light only that can generate photometric effect i.e. visual sensation on an eye. So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    If the circular ciliary muscles of the eye are unable to contract, the 
    Solution
    Ciliary body and the attached suspensory ligament change the shape (flattened or round) of the lens through relaxation and contraction of ciliary muscles and thereby the focal length to focus on the distant and near object. Contraction of ciliary muscles releases the suspensory ligaments and allow the lens to become round (convex) while relaxation of these muscles makes the lens taut. Since ciliary muscles are involved in accommodation required for close vision, loss of their contraction would not cause loss of vision but would affect the close vision only. The amount of light entering retina is controlled by the iris. 
    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Bipolar neurons occur in
    Solution
    Within the retina, information travels from the photoreceptors to the bipolar cells and then on to the ganglion cells. At each stage along the most direct visual pathway, the responses are modified by the activation of lateral connections involving horizontal and amacrine cells. Thus, the analysis of visual stimuli begins even in the retina.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    A 22 years student goes to his ophthalmologist. He has problem in reading books, because he is not able to contract his
    Solution
    The ciliary muscle is located in the eye and surrounds the lens. It is smooth circular muscle, that relaxes or tightens the zonules to enable the lens to change shape for focusing. When it contracts, it pulls forward, moving to a frontal portion to relax the fibers, that hold the lens in place; this process also allows it to take on a more spherical shape to provide short range focus.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Macu lalutea is located
    Solution
    Macula lutea, in anatomy, the small yellowish area of the retina, near the optic disk, that provides central vision. When the gaze is fixed on any object, the centre of the macula, the centre of the lens, and the object are in a straight line. In the centre of the macula is a depression, called as the fovea, which contains specialised nerve cells, that are exclusively of the type known as cones. Cones are associated with colour vision and perception of fine detail. Toward the centre of the macula there are no blood vessels to interfere with vision; thus, in this area, vision in bright light and colour perception are keenest.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Choroid is
    Solution
    The choroid is a layer of eyeball. The eyeball has three coats namely sclera, choroid, and retina. The choroid is middle dark pigmented thin vascular layer of the eyeball and is characterized by the presence of many blood vessels. Retina forms the innermost layer of the eye. 
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