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Neural Control and Coordination Test - 26

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Neural Control and Coordination Test - 26
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Supporting cells of retina is
    Solution
    Supporting cells of the retina is Muller cells also known as Muller glia. They are a type of retinal glial cells, first recognized and described by Heinrich Muller. They are found in the vertebrate retina, which serves as support cells for the neurons of the retina.

    The major function of the Müller cells is to maintain the stability of the retinal extracellular environment by regulation of K+ levels, uptake of neurotransmitters, removal of debris, storage of glycogen, electrical insulation of receptors and other neurons, and mechanical support of the neural retina. So, the correct answer is option C.

  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Main parts of a neuron are ............... and .........................
    Solution
    The basic parts of a neuron are the dendrites, the cell body and the axon. However, all neurons vary somewhat in size, shape and characteristics depending on the function and role of the neuron. Some neurons have few dendritic branches, while others are highly branched in order to receive a great deal of information. Some neurons have short axons, while others can be quite long. The longest axon in the human body extends from the bottom of the spine to the big toe and averages a length of approximately three feet.
    Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    .................. receptors detect taste while ................. receptors detect smell.
    Solution
    The gustatory system is the sensory system for the sense of taste. The gustatory system allows humans to distinguish between safe and harmful food. Olfactory receptors expressed in the cell membranes of olfactory receptor neurons are responsible for the detection of odor molecules. Activated olfactory receptors are the initial player in a signal transduction cascade which ultimately produces a nerve impulse which is transmitted to the brain.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    A spinal cord injury disrupts
    Solution
    The spinal cord functions primarily in the transmission of neural signals between the brain and the rest of the body but also contains neural circuits that can independently control numerous reflexes and central pattern generators.
    The spinal cord is an important component of CNS. It serves as a two-way conduction path between the peripheral nervous system and brain. The controlling centres in different areas of spinal cord function as reflex centres which control all the spinal reflexes. An injury to the spinal cord will disrupt the reflexes. The part of the body affected will depend on upon the region where the spinal cord is injured. It may be the neck, thoracic or abdominal region.
    Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    ................... is the functional and structural unit of the nervous system.
    Solution
    A neuron is an electrically excitable cell. It is the functional and structural unit of the nervous system. It processes and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals. These signals between neurons occur via synapses, specialized connections with other cells. Neurons connect to form neural networks. Neurons are the core components of the nervous system.
    Hence the correct option is A.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Largest part of the brain is the 
    Solution
    The cerebrum is the largest and most highly developed part of the human brain. It consists of two-thirds of the brain mass and associated with higher brain function such as thought and action. It has two hemispheres and each has four lobes.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    All information from our environment is detected by the specialized .................. cells.
    Solution
    The two main types of cells of the nervous system are neurons/nerve cells and neuroglia. The main function of neurons is to receive sensory inputs from the internal and external environment by sensory nerves and transmit it to CNS (brain and spinal cord) for processing and finally transmit the nerve impulses from CNS to effectors (muscles and glands).
    Neuroglia/glial cells support and nourish the nerve cells, destroy pathogen and modulate the impulse transmission.  
    The nephron is the anatomical and functional unit of kidney and thus is the part of the excretory system. 
    Companion cells are the component of phloem in flowering plants and regulate loading and unloading of sugars into sieve tube elements for translocation. 
    Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Which of the following glands are found in majority of mammals associated with their eyes?
    Solution
    The lacrimal gland lies within the orbit on the outer portion of the upper eye. The gland continually secretes tears, which moisten, lubricate, and protect the eye. Meibomian gland is a type of gland in the eyelids, that makes a lubricant called as sebum, which is discharged through tiny openings in the edges of the lids. It is responsible for the supply of meibum, an oily substance that prevents evaporation of the eye's tear film and frictionless blinking.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Power of regeneration is lowest in 
    Solution
    The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. In a typical human, the cerebral cortex is estimated to contain 15-33 billion neurons, each connected by synapses to several thousand other neurons. These  neurons communicate with one another by means of long protoplasmic fibers called axons, which carry trains of signal pulses called action potentials to distant parts of the brain or body targeting specific recipient cells. These brain cells are the only cells which do not have the ability to regenerate.
    Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Identify the part "E" from the shown figure of human eye : 

    Solution
    The optic nerve also known as the second cranial nerve or cranial nerve II is located in the back of the eye. It is the second of several pairs of cranial nerves and its job is to transfer visual information from the retina to the vision centers of the brain via electrical impulses. It is made of ganglionic cells or nerve cells and consists of over one million nerve fibers. It is abbreviated by O.

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