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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 14

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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 14
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Insulin is produced by
    Solution
    Insulin is secreted by the beta cell of the islets of langerhans of the pancreas. It can be readily crystallized as a zinc salt. Although nickel, calcium, and cobalt also effective. It is a protein with a molecular weight of approx 5700 Dalton.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Thermoregulatory centre of the human body is
    Solution
    a) Hypothalamus maintains the constant human body temperature by regulation of the diameter of blood vessels (constriction to conserve heat during body temperature lower than normal or dilation to lose heat by increasing blood flow during body temperature higher than the normal range), shivering and sweating mechanisms.
    b) Pituitary gland is associated with overall physical growth and development via its growth hormone as well as to instruct other endocrine glands to secrete their hormones via its tropic hormones. 
    c) Thyroxine and triiodothyronine are thyroid hormones which target all tissues and stimulate metabolic rate. 
    d) Sweat glands present in skin help dissipate the heat during summers by evaporation of water on the skin surface, thereby cooling the skin surface. Skin does not contain any thermoregulatory centres but only exhibit sweating as a mechanism of temperature regulation.
    So, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Thermostat is an instrument by which one can regulate the temperature of an oven, a heater or a refrigerator. Functionally a similar mechanism is located in the mammalian brain in the region of the 
    Solution
    Hypothalamus maintains the constant human body temperature by regulation of the diameter of blood vessels (constriction or dilation), shivering and sweating mechanisms. Option B is correct. Cerebrum serves to receive sensory inputs, to bring about integration before commanding voluntary motor responses, to coordinate the activities of other part of brain, and to carry out higher thought processes for learning, memory, language and speech.  This makes option A incorrect. Cerebellum serves to coordinate the voluntary movements of skeletal muscles as well as posture, balance and equilibrium. Option C is incorrect. Medulla oblongata consists of reflex centres that control heartbeat, blood vessel diameter and rhythm of breathing as well as other vital functions. Option D is incorrect.  Correct answer is B.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    The gland which is related to the maturation of lymphocytes is
    Solution
    Thymus is small lymphoid structure present in lower art of neck in front of trachea, below the thyroid gland. It is the primary source of lymphocytes before birth and is the site of maturation or development of T-lymphocytes which circulates in lymphoid tissues. 
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Which endocrine gland becomes inactive after puberty?
    Solution
    Thymus becomes inactive after puberty and shrinks. Most of the glands is replaced by adipose tissue. It produces thymosin which stimulates the development of disease-fighting T cells. The immune system produces most of its T cells during childhood and requires very few new T cells after puberty so the gland degenerates.
    So, the correct answer is 'Thymus'.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    The thermoregulatory centre in higher animals is found in
    Solution
    Diencephalon consists of thalamus and hypothalamus. Thalamus serves as relay station for sensory impulses as well as integration centre for recognition of pain, temperature and hard touch. The thermostat centre for temperature control is present in hypothalamus. Hypothalamus maintains the constant human body temperature by regulation of the diameter of blood vessels (constriction or dilation), shivering and sweating mechanisms. 
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is a master gland of the body?
    Solution
    Pituitary gland produces regulatory hormones which control the production of hormones from other endocrine glands in the body.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Androgens are secreted from 
    Solution
    B. Testis and adrenal.
    Solution: Adrenal releases androgens. The most active androgen is testosterone, which is produced by the male testes. The other androgens, which support the functions of testosterone, are produced mainly by the adrenal cortex the outer portion of the adrenal glands.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    The source of male sex hormones is 
    Solution
    Testosterone is secreted by by the Leydig cells or interstitial cells in testes in men and by the ovaries in women. It is a principal androgen. LH stimulates the Ledig cells to secrete testosterone. It initiates the development of the male internal and external reproductive organs during foetal development and is essential for the production of sperm in adult life. So, the correct answer is 'Interstitial cells of testis'.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    The cells secreting testosterone are
    Solution
    The endocrine cells present in the space between seminiferous tubules are termed as interstitial cells or interstitial cells of Leydig. They serve to secrete androgen, testosterone, which is responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characters. Thus, option C is correct. The large sustentacular cells that extend from the capsule to the lumen of the seminiferous tubule are called sertoli cells. They serve to support, nourish, and regulate the development of cells undergoing spermatogenesis. Hence, option D is incorrect. Pancreas is a large organ present in the abdomen and serves as both endocrine and exocrine organ. The endocrine parts of the pancreas are islets of Langerhans that have two primary cell types namely, alpha and beta cells. Alpha cells of islets produce and secrete glucagon hormone while beta cells produce insulin. Option A is incorrect. Nuclei are the double membrane-bound organelles of eukaryotic cells that serve to house genetic material. Option B is incorrect. Therefore, option C is correct.
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