Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 18

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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 18

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Question 1
1 / -0

An organs that secretes the hormone for the "fight-or-flight" reaction in mammals is

A
Liver

B
Kidney

C
Pancreas

D
Cowper's gland

E
Adernal gland

Solution

Adrenaline is an emergency hormone which prepares the body for fight or flight response by intensifying the effect of sympathetic stimulation and is secreted by the adrenal gland. Liver secretes bile juice while pancreas secretes insulin and glucagon hormones. Kidney secretes erythropoietin and secretion from Cowper’s gland add only small volume to semen. Thus, the correct answer is option E.
Question 2
1 / -0

What would happen if a diabetic patient accidentally takes an overdose of insulin?

A
Increased levels of glucose in the blood.

B
Increased glucose concentration in urine.

C
Dehydration due to increased urine excretion.

D
Increased conversion of glycogen to glucose.

E
Increased conversion of glucose to glycogen.

Solution

If a diabetic patient takes too much insulin Hypoglycemia occurs. Hypoglycemia happens to many people with diabetes. It can be serious. It leads to more conversions of glucose to glycogen. Hence, if a diabetic patient accidentally takes an overdose of insulin then Increased conversion of glycogen to glucose.
So, the correct answer is 'Increased conversion of glycogen to glucose'.
Question 3
1 / -0

The hormone secreted by which of the following gland is responsible for maintaining the basal metabolic rate of the body?

A
Thyroid

B
Pancreas

C
Parathyroid

D
Adrenal medulla

E
Anterior pituitary

Solution

The basal metabolic rate of the body is controlled by the hormones T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine), produced by the thyroid gland in response to the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), produced by the anterior pituitary. These hormones are transported across the plasma membrane of target cells where they bind to receptors on the mitochondria, resulting in increased ATP production. In the nucleus, T3 and T4 activate genes involved in energy production and glucose oxidation. This results in increased rates of metabolism and body heat production. This is known as the hormone's calorigenic effect.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
Question 4
1 / -0

Which of the following influences the glucose levels in the human body?

A
Insulin produced in the liver

B
Glucagon produced in the kidneys

C
Insulin produced in the kidneys

D
Both insulin and glucagon

E
Parathyroid hormone

Solution

Antagonistic functions of insulin and glucagon hormones of pancreas maintain the homeostasis of blood glucose level. Insulin is secreted by islets of Langerhans of the pancreas and serves to lower the blood glucose level by stimulating the uptake of glucose by cells, specifically muscle cells, liver cells and adipose tissues cells. Liver and muscle cells store glucose as glycogen. Glucose serves as energy source for muscle contraction and in adipose tissues, it supplies glycerol for the formation of fat. Glucagon hormone from pancreas stimulates the liver to break down glycogen into glucose and breakdown of fat into glycerol and fatty acids in adipose tissues to serve as a substrate for glucose formation in liver cells. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 5
1 / -0

Which of the following labelled parts is responsible for the decrease in the amount of calcium in bones?

A
B

B
D

C
C

D
A

Solution

The parathyroid gland (B) is responsible for regulating the calcium level in the body. There are 4 parathyroid glands located in the neck just behind the thyroid gland. It releases a parathyroid hormone which increases or decreases the amount of calcium according to the calcium level in the body.
Question 6
1 / -0

Tyrosine act as a precursor for which of the following hormones?

A
Thyroid

B
Adrenal

C
Prolactin

D
FSH
Solution
- Thyroxine (3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine) is the thyroid hormone produced by follicular cells of the thyroid gland.
- Thyroxine hormone is produced in the thyroid gland from tyrosine and iodine.
- Hence the precursor for the synthesis of thyroid hormone is amino acid Throne.
- Tyrosine (symbol Tyr or Y) or 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine is one of the 20 standard amino acids.
- So, the correct answer is 'Thyroid'.
Question 7
1 / -0

The blood calcium level falls too low because

A
The thyroid gland releases calcitonin, which binds to bone cells

B
The parathyroid glands release PTH, which binds to kidney cells

C
The thyroid gland releases thyroid hormone, which binds to small intestine cells

D
The pancreas releases glucagon, which binds to liver cells

E
The pituitary gland releases growth hormone, which binds to bone cells

Solution

Parathormone of parathyroid gland increases the blood calcium level by binding to receptors present on DCT of the nephron to stimulate conditional reabsorption of calcium. Thyroid hormone does not have any specific target cell and stimulate metabolic rate by all cells. Glucagon regulates blood glucose level while growth hormone stimulate overall growth and development. Calcitonin hormone stimulates a temporary reduction in number and activity of osteoclasts (bone cells) and thereby reducing the blood calcium level. Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 8
1 / -0

Connecting link between nervous and endocrine systems is

A
Pancreas

B
Thyroid

C
Anterior pituitary

D
Posterior pituitary

E
Hypothalamus

Solution

Thyroid, pancreas (serving as both exocrine and endocrine) and pituitary glands are part of the endocrine system. Hypothalamus is a mass of grey matter present at the base of the cerebrum. It releases regulatory hormones (both inhibitory and releasing hormones) that regulate secretion of hormones of other glands. So, it is a connecting link between endocrine and nervous system.
Therefore, the correct answer is option E.
Question 9
1 / -0

Observe the given diagram.
Does this diagram represent a protein or steroid ligand?

A
This is a steroid ligand since the molecule attaches to a receptor on the outside of the cell membrane.

B
This is a protein ligand since the molecule attaches to a receptor on the outside of the cell membrane.

C
This is a steroid since the shape is of a hydrocarbon ring, which is common in hydrophobic molecules.

D
This is a protein since the molecule is hydrophilic and can cross the phospholipid bilayer easily.
Solution
Hormones are of 2 types based on their chemical composition.
Protein hormones: They are build up of amino acids and are soluble in water.
Steroid hormones: They are build up of fats and are not soluble in water.
Since the protein hormones are soluble in water they can not pass through the plasma membrane and need receptor to pass through the cell membrane.
So the answer is 'This is a protein ligand since the molecule attaches to a receptor on the outside of the cell membrane'.
Question 10
1 / -0

Which of the following helps in differentiation of lymphocytes?

A
Cytosin

B
Thymosin

C
Cyclin

D
None of the above
Solution
- Thymosin hormones are typically produced by the thymus gland and trigger the creation of T-cells, which are used by the immune system to fight disease.
- Once puberty occurs in a human, a normal thymus has created the T-cells needed by the body and begins to shrink, eventually being replaced by fatty tissue. Hence, Thymosin helps in the differentiation of lymphocytes.
So, the correct answer is 'Thymosin'.

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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 18

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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 18

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Question 1

Liver

Kidney

Pancreas

Cowper's gland

Adernal gland

Solution

Question 2

Increased levels of glucose in the blood.

Increased glucose concentration in urine.

Dehydration due to increased urine excretion.

Increased conversion of glycogen to glucose.

Increased conversion of glucose to glycogen.

Solution

Question 3

Thyroid

Pancreas

Parathyroid

Adrenal medulla

Anterior pituitary

Solution

Question 4

Insulin produced in the liver

Glucagon produced in the kidneys

Insulin produced in the kidneys

Both insulin and glucagon

Parathyroid hormone

Solution

Question 5

B

D

C

A

Solution

Question 6

Thyroid

Adrenal

Prolactin

FSH

Solution

Question 7

The thyroid gland releases calcitonin, which binds to bone cells

The parathyroid glands release PTH, which binds to kidney cells

The thyroid gland releases thyroid hormone, which binds to small intestine cells

The pancreas releases glucagon, which binds to liver cells

The pituitary gland releases growth hormone, which binds to bone cells

Solution

Question 8

Pancreas

Thyroid

Anterior pituitary

Posterior pituitary

Hypothalamus

Solution

Question 9

This is a steroid ligand since the molecule attaches to a receptor on the outside of the cell membrane.

This is a protein ligand since the molecule attaches to a receptor on the outside of the cell membrane.

This is a steroid since the shape is of a hydrocarbon ring, which is common in hydrophobic molecules.

This is a protein since the molecule is hydrophilic and can cross the phospholipid bilayer easily.

Solution

Question 10

Cytosin

Thymosin

Cyclin

None of the above

Solution

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