Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 19

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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 19

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Question 1
1 / -0

Which hormone is antagonistic to calcitonin?

A
TSH

B
Parathyroid

C
Thyroxine

D
None of the above
Solution
- Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is essential for the physiologic maintenance of mineral homeostasis.
- PTH regulates the mineral transport in bone and kidney and through its secondary actions on mineral transport in the intestine.
- Calcitonin, in many ways, acts as a physiologic antagonist to PTH. Hence, Parathyroid hormone is antagonistic to calcitonin
So, the correct answer is 'Parathyroid'.
Question 2
1 / -0

The elevated concentrations of cAMP indicates

A
The activation of a cAMP-dependent protein kinase called protein Kinase A

B
The activation of membrane receptors

C
The splitting of ATP

D
None of these

Solution

The correct option is A.
Protein kinase A (PKA) is activated by the binding of cyclic AMP (cAMP), which causes it to undergo a conformational change. As previously mentioned, PKA then goes on to phosphoylate other proteins in a phosphorylation cascade (which required ATP hydrolysis).

An application in everyday life of PKA is in the 'fight or flight response'. For example, if you were to cross a road and a car was to accelerate as you were doing so, your immediate response would be to run across the road in order to avoid being hit. This response is caused by the following reactions: the nearby car acts as a stimulus, and the response is to run away, which requires energy. This energy is produced in the form of ATP, which is made by aerobic respiration which requires glucose. Glucose is generated by the break down of glycogen.
Question 3
1 / -0

Cell surface receptors are integral membrane proteins and possess regions that contribute to which of the basic domains?

A
Extracellular domains

B
Transmembrane domain

C
Intracellular domain

D
All of the above

Solution

The cell receptors are the molecules which are involved in the transmission of the information from the outside to the inside of the cell and vice versa. These molecules are composed of three domains. The extracellular domain, the transmembrane domain and the intracellular domain are the three parts of the cell receptors.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 4
1 / -0

Which of the following helps in formation of alveoli of the mammary glands?

A
Estrogen

B
Prolactin

C
Progesterone

D
All of the above
Solution
- Both males and females have glandular tissue within the breasts. However, in females, the glandular tissue begins to develop after puberty in response to estrogen release.
- Mammary glands only produce milk after childbirth. During pregnancy, the hormones progesterone and prolactin are released. Hence, Estrogen, Prolactin, and Progesterone help in the formation of alveoli of the mammary glands.
So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.
Question 5
1 / -0

Parathyroid maintains the calcium level in the blood by action on which of the following organs?

A
Bone

B
Kidney

C
Intestine

D
All of the above
Solution
- Parathyroid hormone regulates calcium levels in the blood, largely by increasing the levels when they are too low.
- It does this through its actions on the kidneys, bones and intestine.
- Bone parathyroid hormone stimulates the release of calcium from large calcium stores in the bones into the bloodstream. Hence, Parathyroid maintains the calcium level in the blood by action on Bone, Kidney and Intestine.
Question 6
1 / -0

The cells which produces erythropoietin

A
Juxtaglomerular cells

B
Hepatic cells

C
Glandular cells

D
None of the above
Solution
- Erythropoietin is produced by interstitial fibroblasts in the kidney in close association with the peritubular capillary and proximal convoluted tubulin the cell named juxtaglomerular cells.
- It is also produced in perisinusoidal cells in the liver. Hence, The cells which produce erythropoietin Juxtaglomerular cells.
Question 7
1 / -0

Epinephrine and eicosanoids finds their receptors on

A
Cell wall

B
Plasma membrane

C
Inner matrix

D
None of these
Solution
- Eicosanoids are compounds that include prostaglandins, prostacyclins, leukotrienes, and thromboxanes.
- Lipid insoluble hormones such as eicosanoids bind to receptors on the outer surface of the plasma membrane, via plasma membrane hormone receptors.
- The amino acid-derived hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine bind to beta-adrenergic receptors on the plasma membrane of cells.
- Hence the Epinephrine and eicosanoids find their receptors on the plasma membrane.
- So, the correct answer is 'Plasma membrane'.
Question 8
1 / -0

The cause of hyperprolactinemia in males may be

A
Dehydration

B
Tumors

C
Excessive intake of salts

D
None of the above
Solution
- Prolactin levels may be elevated for any number of reasons. One of the more common cause is the formation of a benign tumour on the pituitary gland.
- This noncancerous growth, known as a prolactinoma, directly secretes excessive prolactin while decreasing the levels of other sex hormones. Hence, The cause of hyperprolactinemia in males may be Tumors
So, the correct answer is 'Tumors'.
Question 9
1 / -0

Which of the following hormones regulates the permeability of the collecting tubule?

A
TSH

B
ADH

C
FSH

D
All of the above

Solution

Vasopressin primarily acts on kidneys. The main function of this hormone is to increase the rate of reabsorption of water from the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct of nephrons. Therefore it is also known as antidiuretic hormone(ADH). Hence option B is the correct answer.
Question 10
1 / -0

Hypothalamus of the brain is not involved in this function :

A
Sleep-wake cycle

B
Osmoregulation & thirst

C
Temperature control

D
Accuracy of muscular movement
Solution
Hypothalamus is a part of the brain where the pituitary gland is attached. The functions of the hypothalamus are in association with the gland.
The hormones which are released from this gland perform various functions.
The hormones are involved in functions like temperature regulation, sleep and wake control cycle, osmoregulation, homeostasis, thirst, hunger, and mood.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.

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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 19

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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 19

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Question 1

TSH

Parathyroid

Thyroxine

None of the above

Solution

Question 2

The activation of a cAMP-dependent protein kinase called protein Kinase A

The activation of membrane receptors

The splitting of ATP

None of these

Solution

Question 3

Extracellular domains

Transmembrane domain

Intracellular domain

All of the above

Solution

Question 4

Estrogen

Prolactin

Progesterone

All of the above

Solution

Question 5

Bone

Kidney

Intestine

All of the above

Solution

Question 6

Juxtaglomerular cells

Hepatic cells

Glandular cells

None of the above

Solution

Question 7

Cell wall

Plasma membrane

Inner matrix

None of these

Solution

Question 8

Dehydration

Tumors

Excessive intake of salts

None of the above

Solution

Question 9

TSH

ADH

FSH

All of the above

Solution

Question 10

Sleep-wake cycle

Osmoregulation & thirst

Temperature control

Accuracy of muscular movement

Solution

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