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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 20

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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 20
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    The hormone 'melatonin' is secreted by the gland
    Solution
    Melatonin is a peptide hormone secreted by the pineal gland, a small endocrine gland in the brain.It regulates the internal clocks i.e., sleep and wake cycles. Thus, it is also used a medicine to treat insomnia. Thus, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Thyroid was first discovered by 
    Solution
    The thyroid gland is present in the front part of the neck and is located below the larynx. The shape of the gland is like a butterfly. The name of the gland was given by the scientist Thomas Wharton in the year 1656. The name was given with comparison of the ancient shield in Greece. There are many lobules in this gland. There are follicle cells in these lobules which produce the thyroid hormones. The thyroid hormones are responsible for regulating the metabolism of the body. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option C. 
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is responsible for steroid production?
    Solution
    • Cholesterol also plays a role in synthesizing the steroid hormones aldosterone, which is used for osmoregulation, and cortisol, which plays a role in metabolism. 
    • Cholesterol is also the precursor to bile salts, which help in the emulsification of fats and their absorption by cells. Hence,  Lipids is responsible for steroid production.
    So, the correct answer is 'Lipids'.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    The thyroid follicles contain jelly-like material known as 
    Solution
    The thyroid gland is a gland which is present in the neck. This is present in the front part of the neck and is located below the larynx. There are many lobules in this gland. There are follicle cells in these lobules which produce the thyroid hormones. The follicle contains a jelly-like matrix. This matrix is called as the colloid. The thyroid hormones are responsible for regulating the metabolism of the body. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option B. 

  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following hormones also produces anti-inflammatory reactions in man and suppresses the immune response in addition to its primary functions?
    Solution
    Cortisol is involved in maintaining the cardio-vascular system as well as the kidney functions. Glucocorticoids, particularly cortisol, produces anti-inflammatory reactions and suppresses the immune response.
    Thus, the correct answer is otpion A.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Identify the hormones "$$A$$', '$$B$$' and '$$C$$' that are labelled in the given flow chart.

    Solution
    • The label A refers to GnRH. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone is shortly abbreviated as GnRH.
    • This hormone is also called as follicle-stimulating hormone-releasing hormone (FSH-RH) and Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH). GnRH is secreted in the neurons of the hypothalamus. It stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release two hormones. The label B refers to FSH and label C refers to LH.
    • The FSH (Follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (Luteinizing hormone) are called gonadotropins. These are the hormones are released by the pituitary gland.
    • The FSH stimulates the growth of the follicle cells in the ovary. This causes the development of the follicle to produce the ovum which is a female gamete.
    • There is an effect of LH on the ovary which causes ovulation. The effect of FSH on the testes causes the production of sperms. The LH stimulates the testes to produce androgens.
    • The androgens have a role in the development of secondary sexual characters.
    Thus, the correct answer is option D. 
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Melatonin is produced from
    Solution
    Pineal gland is an endocrine gland shaped like a pine cone, hence the name. It is situated between the two hemispheres, in the epithalamus.
    Pineal gland secretes a very important hormone called melatonin derived from serotonin, also secreted by this gland. Melatonin plays an essential function of modulating the sleep pattern in circadian cycle and regulates certain reproductive hormones as well.
    So, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0

    Which of the following hormones triggers the release of androgens?

    Solution
    • The hypothalamus secretes gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) which stimulates the pituitary gland into secreting luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). 
    • LH stimulates testicular Leydig cell secretion of Testosterone whereas FSH stimulates spermatogenesis in Sertoli cells of the seminiferous tubules. 
    • An androgen is any natural or synthetic steroid hormone that regulates the development and maintenance of male characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors. 
    • The major androgen in males is testosterone. Hence,  LH hormones trigger the release of androgens.
    So, the correct answer is 'LH'.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    A tadpole becomes the frog in a very short interval of time under the influence of ............ hormone.
    Solution
    The thyroid gland is responsible for the secretion of thyroid hormones. The thyroid hormone which is called as thyroxine is an important growth hormone. The hormone is responsible for metamorphosis and thus helps in the transformation of the tadpole larvae to frog. The hormone controls various activities like the formation of limbs and other organs, reduction of the tail and other metamorphic changes. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option D. 
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    The large cells which occur between the thyroid follicles are known as: 
    Solution
    The thyroid gland is a gland that is present in the neck. This is present in the front part of the neck and is located below the larynx. There are many lobules in this gland. There are follicle cells in these lobules which produce the thyroid hormones. The follicle contains a jelly-like matrix. This matrix is called the colloid. The thyroid hormones are responsible for regulating the metabolism of the body. There are large cells between the follicle cells called parafollicular cells. These cells secrete calcitonin. The hormone is responsible for maintaining the level of calcium in the blood.
    Thus, the correct answer is option B. 

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