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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 21

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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 21
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    A gland called 'Clock of ageing' that gradually reduces and degenerates in ageing is
    Solution
    • The thymus is the primary specialized lymphoid organ of the immune system. It gradually reduces with age.
    • T cells or T lymphocytes mature within the thymus. Thymus reduces with age through a process called involution.
    • This process has been observed in many vertebrates. This process starts during puberty, in middle age, the thymus changes from a primary lymphoid organ into fatty tissue.
      So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Low levels of adrenal cortex hormones result in :
    Solution
    Hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormone (Cortisol) that is a glucocorticoid hormone results in the Addison disease.
    Effects on the physiology of the body are as following-
    • Blood sodium (low)
    • Blood potassium(More)
    • Blood glucose(Low)
    • Blood pressure(Low) 
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Thyroid hormones play a particularly crucial role in brain maturation during fetal development. Under which of the following criteria, the function of thyroxine can be classified?
    Solution
    Thyroxine is the hormone which is released by the thyroid glands. This hormone is responsible for the development of the brain during the embryonic development. These all activities are classified as developmental functions. The hormone is responsible for the regulation of all the different developmental activities which are related to normal functioning and the growth of organism. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option B. 
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Hassal corpuscles are characteristic of
    Solution
    Hassal corpuscles are the smallest structure of medulla in human thymus. It is also called as thymic corpuscles. It formed from eosinophilic epithelial reticular cells. It produces cytokines that help in cell signaling. It also produces chemokines which affect the function of other cells of thymic medulla.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    In the homeostatic control of blood sugar level, which organs function as modulator and effector respectively
    Solution
    • The organ that helps in the uptake of glucose or is involved in the homeostatic control of blood sugar level as the modulator is liver. 
    • The pancreas cells are known as islets of Langerhans also control the blood glucose level and acts as an effector in the homeostatic control of blood sugar. 
    • The liver controls sugar metabolism by storing excess glucose in the form of glycogen. This role is manifested by the ability of the liver to tightly control hepatic glucose production (HGP). 
    • During fasting, HGP is elevated, making the liver the main source of glucose production. After feeding, HGP is suppressed and the liver utilizes and stores glucose. 
    • Beta cells of the islet of Langerhans detect the rise in the blood glucose level and in response to release insulin. It activates enzymes converting glucose to glycogen and increases the rate of glucose uptake to maintain the normal level of glucose. 
    So, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    The thyroid hormones increase the basal metabolic rate. Under which of the following criteria, the function of thyroxine can be classified?
    Solution
    Thyroxine is the hormone which is released by the thyroid glands. This hormone is responsible for the regulation and maintenance of the basal metabolic rate. The BMR value decides the rate of consumption, digestion, production of energy and its utilisation. These all activities are classified as metabolic functions. The hormone is responsible for the regulation of all the different developmental activities which are related to normal functioning and the growth of organism. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option C. 
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Which of the following characteristics defines the thyroid glands?
    Solution
    The thyroid gland is a gland which is present in the neck. This is present in the front part of the neck and is located below the larynx. The shape of the gland is like a butterfly. The gland is bilobed and there are many lobules in this gland. The two lobes is joined by the narrow region called as isthmus. There are follicle cells in these lobules which produce the thyroid hormones. The thyroid hormones are responsible for regulating the metabolism of the body. There are large cells between the follicle cells called as parafollicular cells of C cells. These cells secrete calcitonin. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option D. 
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    The adrenal cortex synthesizes only
    Solution
    Steroid hormones are crucial substances for the proper function of the body. They are synthesized and secreted into the bloodstream by endocrine glands such as the adrenal cortex and the gonads (ovary and testis). Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol and are lipid-soluble molecules. Examples of steroid hormones synthesized by the adrenal glands are aldosterone, cortisol and androgens. Thus, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Steriod hormones work as
    Solution
    • Steroid hormones are lipid hormones. Since they are fat-soluble, they can pass through the cell membrane and bind to protein receptors.
    • The receptors could be cytosolic receptors or nuclear receptors. 
    • These binding then brings about changes within the cell by activating specific genes.
    Thus, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    An endocrine gland which is both exocrine and endocrine is the ________
    Solution
    Pancreas is an organ in the upper abdomen which releases enzymes like amylase, trypsin etc to digest food, acting as an exocrine gland. It also produces hormone like insulin and glucagon and act like an endocrine gland. Hence pancreas can act as both endocrine and exocrine gland. The correct answer is option A.
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