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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 28

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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 28
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Hypophysectomy results in
    Solution
    Hypophysectomy is the surgical removal of pituitary gland (hypophysis). Removal of pituitary gland will result in regression of reproductive functions because anterior lobe of  pituitary secretes Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Follicle stimulating hormone.
    LH stimulates growth of ovarian follicles in females. Female sex hormone oestrogen is secreted from ovarian follicles. In males this hormone is known as Interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH) because it affects interstitial cells or Leydig cells and stimulate secretion of testosterone which is male sex hormone. 
    FSH is secreted from the anterior part of pituitary gland. It stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in females and seminiferous tubules in males. This hormone also promotes spermatogenesis in males i.e. the process of formation of sperms from the germ cells.
    So, the correct answer is 'Regression of reproductive functions'.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Iodine taken in diet is stored in
    Solution
    Iodine taken in diet is used in the formation of thyroxine hormone. Iodine along with amino acid tyrosine is metabolised to form thyroxine or tetraiodothyronine which is stored in the thyroid gland. Thyroxine hormone regulates metabolic rate of body. About 70-80% of the iodine taken through diet is stored in thyroid cells.
    So, the correct answer is 'Thyroid cells'.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Hormone regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body is secreted by 
    Solution
    A. Thyroid gland is situated between the trachea and larynx in the neck and secretes thyroxine hormone which increases oxygen consumption by metabolically active tissues.
    B. Parathyroid gland is present in the form of four small pouches which are embedded in the posterior surface of lobes of thyroid gland. This gland secretes parathormone which increases calcium reabsorption from the bones and causes mobilisation of calcium in the blood. This hormone also regulates phosphate excretion through urine.
    C. Thymus gland is associated with the development of immune system and present on the dorsal side of heart. It secretes thymosin hormone which plays an important role in the differentiation of T-lymphocytes.
    D. Pancreas is a heterocrine gland as it acts both as endocrine and exocrine gland. It secretes insulin hormone into blood and act as endocrine gland and when it secretes digestive enzymes and juice through pancreatic duct, it acts as exocrine gland.
    Hence, hormone regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body.
    So, the correct answer is 'Parathyroid'.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Receptors for protein hormones are found
    Solution
    Protein hormones are peptide hormones which are derived from amino acids. These are insoluble in lipids and hence can't enter the target cell (cell membrane is a lipid bilayer). These act as primary messengers at the surface of target cell by binding to cell surface receptors and this results in the formation of a hormone-receptor complex.
    So, the correct answer is 'On the plasma membrane of the cell'.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Adrenal cortex produces 
    Solution
    A. Adrenaline, also known as emergency hormone, is secreted from the adrenal medulla. This hormone is associated with maintenance of homeostasis in body and is secreted in response to any kind of stress or emergency in the body.
    B. Epinephrine is another name for adrenaline hormone.
    C. Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid hormone secreted from the adrenal cortex. It maintains the electrolyte balance in the body by reducing the loss of sodium through urine and sweat.
    D. Calcitonin is secreted from the C-cells of thyroid gland and acts on bone and kidneys to reduce blood calcium level.
    So, the correct answer is 'Aldosterone'.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Hypothalamus controls the production of which of the following pituitary hormones?
    Solution
    • ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) is secreted from anterior lobe of pituitary gland. It increases the flow of blood to adrenal cortex and also increases the concentration of cholesterol and steroids. This result in increased output of steroid hormone cortisol from adrenal cortex.
    • GH (Growth hormone) is secreted from anterior lobe of pituitary gland and stimulates body growth and carbohydrate, protein, fat metabolism.
    •  ADH (Anti diuretic hormone )or Vasopressin is secreted from the posterior part of pituitary gland. This hormone increases reabsorption of water in kidneys and this results in decreased rate of urine production.
    • Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is secreted from the anterior part of pituitary gland. It stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in females and seminiferous tubules in males.
    • Progesterone is a steroid female sex hormone which is also known as pregnancy hormone. It maintains the inner lining of uterus which aids in implantation of embryo in the uterus. 
    • TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone) is secreted from anterior lobe of pituitary gland and stimulates the function and growth of thyroid gland.
    • Cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone secreted from adrenal cortex and regulates carbohydrate metabolism , storage of glycogen and increased reabsorption of sodium and water from the renal tubules.
    • Luteinizing hormone or LH is secreted from anterior lobe of pituitary gland and stimulates growth of ovarian follicles in females. In males this hormone is called interstitial cell stimulating hormone or ICSH and affects the Leydig cells of testes.
    Hence, LH, ACTH and TSH are secreted from pituitary gland.
    So, the correct answer is 'LH (luteinising hormone), ACTH (corticotropin) and TSH (thyrotropin)'.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Female sex hormone is 
    Solution
    A. Estrogen is the female sex hormone secreted from ovarian follicles and stimulate the development of female secondary sex organs.
    B. Androgen is a sexocorticoid produced by adrenal cortex. It stimulates the deposition of protein in muscles and nitrogen retention in males.
    C. Insulin is secreted from the ββ-cells of islet of Langerhans and regulates blood glucose levels.
    D. Adrenaline, also known as emergency hormone, is secreted from the adrenal medulla. This hormone is associated with maintenance of homeostasis in body and is secreted in response to any kind of stress or emergency in the body.
    So, the correct answer is 'Estrogen'.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Pineal body develops from
    Solution
    Pineal gland is a small, rounded and reddish brown gland present at the dorsal side of forebrain. This gland secretes melatonin and serotonin hormones. It develops from the roof of a section of brain called diencephalon which is located behind third cerebral ventricle in the middle part of the brain i.e. on dorsal side of forebrain.
    So, the correct answer is 'Dorsal part of diencephalon'.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) is secreted by ______ of pituitary.
    Solution
    Pituitary gland has two parts:
    • Adenohypophysis : It is formed of two lobes:
    1. Anterior lobe - It secretes growth hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone.
    2. Intermediate lobe (or median lobe) - It secretes melanocyte stimulating hormone.
    • Neurohypophysis: It is formed of posterior lobe and secretes oxytocin and vasopressin.
    So, the correct answer is 'Median lobe'.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    A temporary endocrine gland formed in ovary after ovulation is
    Solution
    Corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine gland formed in ovary after ovulation i.e. release of ovum from the mature follicle. It is formed from the granulosa cells and theca cells of the ruptured follicle and visible as a yellowish body. In the absence of fertilisation, corpus luteum degenerates but if fertilisation occurs, it persists and secrete progesterone which maintains inner lining of uterus (endometrium) and makes the uterus compatible for implantation. 
    So, the correct answer is 'Corpus luteum'.
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