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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 29

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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 29
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Which endocrine gland stores its secretion in extracellular spaces before discharging into blood? 
    Solution
    A. Testes are the primary sex organs in males and secrete testosterone hormone that stimulates the development of secondary sexual characteristics and spermatogenesis.
    B. Pancreas is a heterocrine gland as it acts both as endocrine and exocrine gland. It secretes insulin hormone into blood and act as endocrine gland and when it secretes digestive enzymes and juice through pancreatic duct, it acts as exocrine gland. 
    C. Thyroid gland is situated between the trachea and larynx in the neck and secretes thyroxine hormone which increases oxygen consumption by metabolically active tissues. This gland stores thyroxine in extracellular spaces before discharging into blood.
    D. Adrenal gland is present on upper side of kidneys and has two parts, adrenal cortex which secrete glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and sexocorticoids and adrenal medulla which secrete adrenaline and nor-adrenaline hormone.
    So, the correct answer is 'Thyroid'.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    In hormone action, if receptor molecules are removed from target organ, the target organ will 
    Solution
    Hormones bind to specific proteins known as hormone receptors to produce their effects. These receptors are present on target tissues only. There are two types of receptors in target tissues:
    • Membrane bound receptors : These are present on the cell membrane of target cells.
    • Intracellular receptors: These are present inside the target cell.
    When a hormone binds to its receptor, hormone receptor complex is formed. This complex leads to some biochemical changes in target tissue. Hormones regulate metabolism and physiological functions of target tissue.
    Hence, if receptor molecules are removed from target organ, the target organ will not respond to hormone.
    So, the correct answer is 'Not respond to hormone'.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Renin is produced by 
    Solution
    A. Liver is the organ of digestive system that secretes bile juice.
    B. Spleen is a organ of immune system which produces blood cells.
    C. Juxtaglomerular cells are granular cells of kidneys which produce renin enzyme. 
    D. Stomach is the part of digestive system that stores food and secrete gastric juices.
    So, the correct answer is 'Juxtaglomerular cells'.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Blood calcium is increased by administration of 
    Solution
    A. Glucagon is secreted from alpha cells of islets of Langerhans of pancreas. It increases blood sugar level by stimulating glycogenolysis (i.e. break down of glucose) and gluconeogenesis (synthesis of glucose).
    B. Thyroxine is secreted from thyroid gland. It stimulates the consumption of oxygen by metabolically active tissues and also increases the oxidation of glucose in tissues. 
    C. Parathormone is secreted from parathyroid gland and increases calcium reabsorption from the bones and causes mobilisation of calcium in the blood.
    D. Calcitonin is secreted from the C-cells of thyroid gland and acts on bone and kidneys to reduce blood calcium level.
    Hence, blood calcium level is increased by parathormone.
    So, the correct answer is 'Parathormone'.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Hyposecretion of parathyroid hormone affects blood
    Solution
    • The parathyroid gland is present in the form of four small pouches which are embedded in the posterior surface of lobes of the thyroid gland. 
    • This gland secretes parathormone which increases calcium reabsorption from the bones by dissolution and demineralisation and causes mobilisation of calcium in the blood. It is a hypercalcemic hormone.
    • Hence, parathyroid hormone or parathormone affects blood calcium levels.
    So, the correct answer is 'Calcium concentration'.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Somatostatin (GHIH) is secreted by
    Solution
    A. Pituitary gland is the master gland that regulates the activity of other endocrine glands and secretes many hormones like growth hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone etc.
    B. Thyroid gland is situated between the trachea and larynx in the neck and secretes thyroxine hormone which increases oxygen consumption by metabolically active tissues.
    C. Pineal gland is a small, rounded and reddish brown gland present at the dorsal side of forebrain. This gland secretes melatonin and serotonin hormones.
    D. Hypothalamus is present in the forebrain. This gland secretes hormones that regulate the synthesis and secretion of hormones of pituitary gland. 
    Somatostatin, also known as GHIH (Growth hormone inhibiting hormone) is secreted from hypothalamus and inhibits the release of growth hormone from pituitary gland.
    So, the correct answer is 'Hypothalamus'.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Grown up individual may lack sexual traits due to
    Solution
    Sexual characters in males and females develop due to sex hormones which are testosterone in males and oestrogen in females. Testosterone is secreted from Leydig's cells in testis while oestrogen is secreted from ovarian follicles in females. These sex hormones are steroid hormones and regulate various sexual characters and development of secondary sex organs. A decreased secretion of sex hormones will lead to underdeveloped sexual traits.
    So, the correct answer is 'Decreased secretion of sex hormones'.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Androgens are produced by 
    Solution
    A. Pituitary gland is the master gland that regulates the activity of other endocrine glands and secretes many hormones like growth hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone etc.
    B. Parathyroid gland is present in the form of four small pouches which are embedded in the posterior surface of lobes of thyroid gland. This gland secretes parathormone which increases calcium reabsorption from the bones and causes mobilisation of calcium in the blood.
    C. Thyroid gland is situated between the trachea and larynx in the neck and secretes thyroxine hormone which increases oxygen consumption by metabolically active tissues.
    D. Adrenal gland is present on upper side of kidneys and has two parts, adrenal cortex which secrete glucocorticoids (Cortisol), mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone) and sexocorticoids (Androgen) and, adrenal medulla which secrete adrenaline and nor-adrenaline hormone.
    So, the correct answer is 'Adrenals'.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Removal or absence of thymus in early life shall bring about
    Solution
    Thymus gland is associated with the development of immune system and present on the dorsal side of heart. It shows maximum development in children during puberty and by the age of 70, it transforms into a tiny structure. It secretes thymosin hormone which plays an important role in the differentiation of T-lymphocytes which are associated with cell mediated immunity. It also promotes production of antibodies that induce humoral immunity.
    Hence, lack of thymus gland will result in lack of lymphocytes and antibodies and decreased immune response. Thus, all the options are correct.
    So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Which endocrine gland becomes inactive after puberty?
    Solution
    A. Adrenal gland is present on upper side of kidneys and has two parts, adrenal cortex which secrete glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and sexocorticoids and adrenal medulla which secrete adrenaline and nor-adrenaline hormone.
    B. Pineal gland is a small, rounded and reddish brown gland present at the dorsal side of forebrain. This gland secretes melatonin and serotonin hormones.
    C. Thymus gland is associated with the development of immune system and present on the dorsal side of heart. It secretes thymosin hormone which plays an important role in the differentiation of T-lymphocytes. This gland shows maximum development in children during puberty and after that, it starts diminishing gradually and by the age of 70, it becomes a tiny structure.
    D. Pituitary gland is the master gland that regulates the activity of other endocrine glands and secretes many hormones like growth hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone etc.
    Hence, thymus becomes inactive after puberty.
    So, the correct answer is 'Thymus'.
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