Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 31

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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 31

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Question 1
1 / -0

The hormone secreted by intermediate lobe of pituitary is

A
Oxytocin

B
MSH

C
Vasopressin

D
FSH

Solution

A. Oxytocin is secreted from the posterior pituitary and helps in the contraction of uterus during childbirth and also stimulates release of milk from mammary glands i.e. lactation.
B. Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) is secreted from intermediate lobe of pituitary gland and maintains pigmentation in vertebrates.
C. Vasopressin is secreted from the posterior part of pituitary gland. This hormone increases reabsorption of water in kidneys and this results in decreased rate of urine production.
D. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is secreted from the anterior part of pituitary gland. It stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in females.
So, the correct answer is 'MSH'.
Question 2
1 / -0

Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) is secreted by

A
Hypothalamus

B
Adenohypophysis

C
Pars intermedia

D
Neurohypophysis

Solution

Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) is secreted by hypothalamus. It stimulates the release of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary gland. TSH, also known as thyrotropin stimulates thyroid gland to secrete thyroxine hormone. Thyroxine increases the consumption of oxygen in metabolically active tissues and regulates metabolic rate of the body. Hyposecretion of TRH leads to hypothyroidism.
So, the correct answer is 'Hypothalamus'.
Question 3
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Parathormone induces

A
Increase in blood sugar

B
Increase in serum calcium

C
Decrease in serum calcium

D
Decrease in blood sugar level.

Solution

The parathyroid glands secrete a peptide hormone called parathyroid hormone or parathormone (PTH). The release of parathromone is regulated by the circulating levels of calcium ($$Ca^{2+}$$) ions in the blood. PTH plays an important role in calcium balance of the body. It maintains the calcium balance between the blood and other tissues. When the calcium level in the blood decreases, parathyroid hormone is released in order to increase the calcium level in the blood. PTH acts on bones and other skeletal structure and mobilizes the calcium ($$Ca^{2+}$$) from the bones into the blood. This is called bone resorption/dissolution/demineralization. The parathromone also increases the reabsorption of calcium by the renal tubules and absorption of calcium from the digested food. Hence, parathormone induces increase in serum calcium.
Question 4
1 / -0

Parathormone is secreted when there is

A
Increased Ca$$^{2+}$$ level in blood

B
Decreased blood Ca$$^{2+}$$ level

C
Increased blood sugar level

D
Decreased blood sugar level

Solution

The parathyroid glands secrete a peptide hormone called parathyroid hormone or parathormone (PTH). The release of parathromone is regulated by the circulating levels of calcium ($$Ca^{2+}$$) ions in the blood. PTH plays an important role in calcium balance of the body. It maintains the calcium balance between the blood and other tissues. When the calcium level in the blood decreases, parathyroid hormone is released in order to increase the calcium level in the blood. PTH acts on bones and other skeletal structure and mobilizes the calcium ($$Ca^{2+}$$) from the bones into the blood. This is called bone resorption/dissolution/demineralization. The parathromone also increases the reabsorption of calcium by the renal tubules and absorption of calcium from the digested food. Hence, PTH (parathormone) is a hypercalcemic hormone that increases the blood calcium levels.
Question 5
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Intermediate lobe of pituitary secretes a hormone known as ________.

A
Oxytocin

B
Melanocyte stimulating hormone

C
Corticotropin releasing hormone

D
Thyrotropin releasing hormone

Solution

Intermediate lobe of pituitary gland is also known as pars intermedia. It is a part of adenohypophysis. It secretes Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH). MSH maintains skin pigmentation in vertebrates. It stimulates the production of melanin, a pigment that causes darkening of skin and protects it from the damage caused by UV rays.
So, the correct answer is 'Melanocyte stimulating hormone'.
Question 6
1 / -0

Osteoporosis is caused by

A
Fe$$^{2+}$$ defeciency

B
Na$$^+$$ deficiency

C
Parathormone hyposecretion

D
Parathormone hypersecretion

Solution

Osteoporosis is a condition in which bone density decreases and bones become weak and brittle. It occurs due to hypersecretion of parathormone. Parathormone is secreted from the parathyroid hormone and increases blood calcium level by increasing the reabsorption of calcium from the bones. Over secretion of parathormone causes more calcium dissolution from the bones leading to decreased bone density.
So, the correct answer is 'Parathormone hypersecretion'.
Question 7
1 / -0

Anti-ageing hormone is

A
Thyroxine

B
Melatonin

C
Estrogen

D
Testosterone

Solution

A. Thyroxine is secreted from thyroid gland. It stimulates the consumption of oxygen by metabolically active tissues and also increases the oxidation of glucose in tissues.
B. Melatonin is derived from amino acid tryptophan and secreted from pineal gland. It regulates the 24 hour rhythm of our body like sleep-wake cycle, temperature etc. and also affects metabolism and pigmentation.
C. Estrogen is the female sex hormone secreted from ovarian follicles and stimulate the development of female secondary sex organs.
D. Testosterone is the male sex hormone secreted from testis and stimulates the development of secondary sexual characteristics in males.
Recent studies have revealed melatonin to be an anti-ageing hormone.
So, the correct answer is 'Melatonin'.
Question 8
1 / -0

Photoperiods are believed to be perceived by

A
Hypothalamus

B
Pineal body

C
Pituitary gland

D
Thyroid
Solution
- Photoperiodism is the physiological reaction to the length of day or night by an organism.
- The pineal gland or pineal body (epiphysis or third eye) is a small endocrine gland.
- It secretes melatonin (hormone) which regulates the wake/sleep patterns and photoperiodic functions.
- So, the correct answer is 'Pineal body'.
Question 9
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Identify the correct pair.

A
Thyroid - Hyperactivity in young children causes cretinism

B
Parathyroid - Secretes parathormone which promotes movement of calcium ion from blood into bones during calcification

C
Thymus - Starts undergoing atrophy after puberty

D
Pancreas - Delta cells of islets of Langerhans secrete a hormone which stimulates glycolysis in liver

Solution

A. Cretinism is the retarded mental and physical development due to hyposecretion of thyroxine i.e. hypoactivity of thyroid gland.
B. Parathormone is secreted from parathyroid gland and increases calcium reabsorption from the bones and causes mobilisation of calcium in the blood.
C. Thymus gland is associated with the development of immune system and present on the dorsal side of heart. This gland shows maximum development in children during puberty. After that it starts decreasing in size i.e. it undergoes atrophy.
D. Delta cells secrete somatostatin which inhibits secretion of glucagon and insulin.
Hence, option C is a correct pair.
So, the correct answer is 'Thymus - Starts undergoing atrophy after puberty'.
Question 10
1 / -0

An endocrine gland that atrophies at the age of 14 - 16 years is

A
Thyroid

B
Thymus

C
Pancreas

D
Spleen

Solution

A. Thyroid gland is situated between the trachea and larynx in the neck and secretes thyroxine hormone which increases oxygen consumption by metabolically active tissues.
B. Thymus gland secretes thymosin hormone which plays an important role in the differentiation of T-lymphocytes. This gland shows maximum development in children at the time of puberty (10-14 years) and after that it starts decreasing in size.
C. Pancreas is a heterocrine gland as it acts both as endocrine and exocrine gland. It secretes insulin hormone into blood and act as endocrine gland and when it secretes digestive enzymes and juice through pancreatic duct, it acts as exocrine gland.
D. Spleen is a organ of immune system which produces blood cells.
So, the correct answer is 'Thymus'.

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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 31

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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 31

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Question 1

Oxytocin

MSH

Vasopressin

FSH

Solution

Question 2

Hypothalamus

Adenohypophysis

Pars intermedia

Neurohypophysis

Solution

Question 3

Increase in blood sugar

Increase in serum calcium

Decrease in serum calcium

Decrease in blood sugar level.

Solution

Question 4

Increased Ca$$^{2+}$$ level in blood

Decreased blood Ca$$^{2+}$$ level

Increased blood sugar level

Decreased blood sugar level

Solution

Question 5

Oxytocin

Melanocyte stimulating hormone

Corticotropin releasing hormone

Thyrotropin releasing hormone

Solution

Question 6

Fe$$^{2+}$$ defeciency

Na$$^+$$ deficiency

Parathormone hyposecretion

Parathormone hypersecretion

Solution

Question 7

Thyroxine

Melatonin

Estrogen

Testosterone

Solution

Question 8

Hypothalamus

Pineal body

Pituitary gland

Thyroid

Solution

Question 9

Thyroid - Hyperactivity in young children causes cretinism

Parathyroid - Secretes parathormone which promotes movement of calcium ion from blood into bones during calcification

Thymus - Starts undergoing atrophy after puberty

Pancreas - Delta cells of islets of Langerhans secrete a hormone which stimulates glycolysis in liver

Solution

Question 10

Thyroid

Thymus

Pancreas

Spleen

Solution

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