Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 33

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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 33

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Which of these is not a secondary messenger?

A
cAMP

B
cGMP

C
Calcium

D
Sodium/Mg

Solution

Secondary messengers are intracellular signalling molecules released by the cell in response to exposure of extracellular signalling molecules-the first messengers. Second messengers trigger physiological changes such as proliferation, migration, survival, etc. Some common secondary messengers are cAMP(Cyclic Adenosine Mono Phosphate), cGMP(Cyclic Guanosine Mono Phosphate), Calcium ion, IP$$_3$$, etc. So all the given options serve as secondary messengers except the Sodium/Mg ions.
So, the correct answer is 'Sodium/Mg'.
Question 2
1 / -0

With increasing age, secretion of which of the following is reduced to half?

A
HGH

B
Estrogen

C
GTH

D
Melatonin

Solution

Melatonin is secreted from pineal gland which is located at the dorsal side of forebrain. Melatonin hormone is derived from amino acid tyrosine. It regulates circadian rhythm of body like sleep-wake cycle, temperature of body etc. It also regulates pigmentation, metabolism and defence capability. With increasing age, secretion of melatonin is decreased and reduces to about half.
So, the correct answer is 'Melatonin'.
Question 3
1 / -0

Compared to a bull, a bullock is docile due to

A
High cortisone level

B
High thyroxine

C
Low blood testosterone

D
Low adrenaline/noradrenaline in blood

Solution

A bullock is docile (less aggressive animal which is easy to handle) because it has degenerated testes due to which it has low testosterone levels in blood. Testosterone is a sex hormone and principle androgen secreted in males by testes. It stimulates the development of secondary sex organs, sexual characters and body tissues like muscles.
So, the correct answer is 'Low blood testosterone'.
Question 4
1 / -0

Pineal gland secretes melatonin which is connected to

A
Colouration of skin

B
Sleep

C
Anger

D
Body temperature

Solution

Pineal gland is a small, rounded and reddish brown gland present at the dorsal side of forebrain. This gland secretes melatonin and serotonin hormones. Melatonin is derived from amino acid tryptophan and secreted from pineal gland. It regulates the 24 hour rhythm of our body like sleep-wake cycle. Its levels in the body increase during night and fall in the morning time. High levels of melatonin induce sleep and hence, it regulates sleep-wake cycle of the body.
So, the correct answer is 'Sleep'.
Question 5
1 / -0

Match the following.
Column I Column II
a. Hypothalamus p. Relaxin
b. Anterior pituitary q. Progesterone
c. Testis r. FSH and LH
d. Corpus luteum s. Androgens
t. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

A
a-p, b-q, c-s, d-r

B
a-r, b-t, c-s, d-q

C
a-t, b-r, c-s, d-q

D
a-t, b-r, c-q, d-s

Solution

a. Hypothalamus secretes Gonadotropin-releasing hormone that stimulates release of gonadotropic hormones (LH and FSH) from anterior pituitary.
b. Anterior pituitary secretes FSH and LH. FSH stimulates growth of ovarian follicles in females and seminiferous tubules in males. LH stimulates ovulation in females and in males, LH is known as ICSH and stimulates Leydig cells to release testosterone.
c. Testis secrete androgens (sex steroid hormones), principally testosterone that stimulates development of secondary sex organs and sexual characters in males.
d. Corpus luteum secretes progesterone that maintains endometrium (inner lining of uterus).
So, the correct answer is 'a-t, b-r, c-s, d-q'.
Question 6
1 / -0

Endocrine gland that functions as biological clock and a neurosecretory transducer is __________.

A
Adrenal gland

B
Thyroid gland

C
Thymus gland

D
Pineal gland

Solution

A. Adrenal gland is present on upper side of kidneys and has two parts, adrenal cortex which secrete glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and sexocorticoids and adrenal medulla which secrete adrenaline and nor-adrenaline hormone.
B. Thyroid gland is situated between the trachea and larynx in the neck and secretes thyroxine hormone which increases oxygen consumption by metabolically active tissues.
C. Thymus gland is associated with the development of immune system and present on the dorsal side of heart. It secretes thymosin hormone which plays an important role in the differentiation of T-lymphocytes.
D. Pineal gland is a small, rounded and reddish brown gland present at the dorsal side of forebrain. This gland secretes melatonin and serotonin hormones. Melatonin is derived from amino acid tryptophan and secreted from pineal gland. It regulates the 24 hour rhythm of our body like sleep-wake cycle, temperature etc. and also affects metabolism and pigmentation.
So, the correct answer is 'Pineal gland'.
Question 7
1 / -0

Steroid hormones, estrogen and testosterone bind to

A
Membrane ion channels

B
Enzyme-linked membrane receptors

C
G-Protein linked membrane receptors

D
Cytoplasmic receptors
Solution
Hormones are of 2 types based on their chemical composition.
Protein hormones: They are build up of amino acids and are soluble in water.
Steroid hormones: They are build up of fats and are not soluble in water.
Since the steroid hormones are not soluble in water they can pass through the plasma membrane and bind to the receptors in the cytoplasm.
So the answer is Cytoplasmic receptors.
Question 8
1 / -0

Spot the wrong pair.

A
Corpus luteum - Progesterone

B
Interstitial cells - Testosterone

C
Hypothalamus - FSH

D
Acrosome - Hyaluronidase
Solution
- Corpus luteum is the group of cells that forms in an ovary and is responsible for the production of the hormone progesterone.
- Leydig cell or Interstitial cells are cells found adjacent to the seminiferous tubule that secretes testosterone.
- Hypothalamus secretes GnRH which in turns stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete FSH.
- Acrosome is the upper portion of the sperm and releases hyaluronidase.
- Thus, the correct answer is (C).
Question 9
1 / -0

Hormone regulating diurnal rhythm/sleep wake cycle is

A
Thymosin

B
Glucagon

C
Melatonin

D
Oxytocin

Solution

Melatonin is secreted from pineal gland which is located on dorsal side of forebrain. Its secretion is stimulated by MSH (Melanocyte stimulating hormone) secreted from intermediate lobe of pituitary gland. Melatonin regulates circadian rhythm of the body like sleep-wake cycle because melatonin levels rise at night and fall in the morning. High levels of melatonin induce sleep. It also regulates pigmentation, metabolism and defence capability.
So, the correct answer is 'Melatonin'.
Question 10
1 / -0

Which of these is correctly matched with the accompanying description?

A
Pancreas - Delta cells of islets of Langerhans secrete a hormone which stimulates glycolysis in liver

B
Thyroid - Hyperactivity in young children causes cretinism

C
Thymus - Starts undergoing atrophy after puberty

D
Parathyroid - Secretes parathormone that promotes movement of $$Ca^{2+}$$ ions from blood into bones during calcification

Solution

A. The delta cells of islets of Langerhans of pancreas secrete somatostatin hormone which inhibits secretion of glucagon and insulin.
B. Cretinism is the retarded mental and physical development in children due to hyposecretion of thyroid hormones.
C. Thymus gland shows maximum development in children during puberty and after that it starts degenerating.
D. Parathormone is secreted from the parathyroid hormone and increases blood calcium level by increasing the reabsorption of calcium from the bones.
So, the correct answer is 'Thymus - Starts undergoing atrophy after puberty'.

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	Column I		Column II
a.	Hypothalamus	p.	Relaxin
b.	Anterior pituitary	q.	Progesterone
c.	Testis	r.	FSH and LH
d.	Corpus luteum	s.	Androgens
		t.	Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 33

Result

Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 33

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Rank

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

cAMP

cGMP

Calcium

Sodium/Mg

Solution

Question 2

HGH

Estrogen

GTH

Melatonin

Solution

Question 3

High cortisone level

High thyroxine

Low blood testosterone

Low adrenaline/noradrenaline in blood

Solution

Question 4

Colouration of skin

Sleep

Anger

Body temperature

Solution

Question 5

a-p, b-q, c-s, d-r

a-r, b-t, c-s, d-q

a-t, b-r, c-s, d-q

a-t, b-r, c-q, d-s

Solution

Question 6

Adrenal gland

Thyroid gland

Thymus gland

Pineal gland

Solution

Question 7

Membrane ion channels

Enzyme-linked membrane receptors

G-Protein linked membrane receptors

Cytoplasmic receptors

Solution

Question 8

Corpus luteum - Progesterone

Interstitial cells - Testosterone

Hypothalamus - FSH

Acrosome - Hyaluronidase

Solution

Question 9

Thymosin

Glucagon

Melatonin

Oxytocin

Solution

Question 10

Pancreas - Delta cells of islets of Langerhans secrete a hormone which stimulates glycolysis in liver

Thyroid - Hyperactivity in young children causes cretinism

Thymus - Starts undergoing atrophy after puberty

Parathyroid - Secretes parathormone that promotes movement of $$Ca^{2+}$$ ions from blood into bones during calcification

Solution

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