Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 42

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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 42

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Question 1
1 / -0

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
A major difference in the mechanism of action between steroid and peptide hormones is that:

A
steroid hormones affect the synthesis of proteins, whereas peptide hormones affect the activity of proteins already in the cell

B
target cells react more rapidly to steroid hormones than they do to peptide hormones

C
steroid hormones bind to a receptor protein, whereas peptide hormones bind to G protein

D
steroid proteins affect metabolism, whereas peptide hormones affect membrane permeability

Solution

Peptide hormones are hydrophilic due to which they are unable to cross the lipid plasma membrane. They bind to the receptors on the plasma membrane and affect the activity of proteins inside the cell called secondary messenger. These secondary messengers then perform the action required. The steroid hormones are hydrophobic, they can cross the plasma membrane directly and are able to affect the synthesis of proteins directly in the cells.
Hence, the correct answer is 'steroid hormones affect the synthesis of proteins, whereas peptide hormones affect the activity of proteins already in the cell'.
Question 2
1 / -0

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin (CT) control the levels of which of the following ions in blood?

A
Calcium

B
Sodium

C
Potassium

D
Chloride

Solution

The thyroid gland secretes a protein hormone called thyrocalcitonin (TCT) which regulates the blood calcium levels. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases the calcium levels in the blood. It also stimulates reabsorption of calcium by the renal tubules and increases calcium absorption from the digested food.
So the correct answer is calcium.
Question 3
1 / -0

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Pancreatic cells that secrete insulin are called:

A
alpha cells

B
beta cells

C
chief cells

D
delta cells

Solution

The pancreas is a composite gland which acts as both exocrine endocrine gland. The endocrine pancreas consists of Islets of Langerhans. They are about 1 to 2 million Islets of Langerhans in a normal human pancreas representing only 1 to 2 percent of the pancreatic tissue. The two main types of cells in the Islet of Langerhans are called alpha- cells and beta-cells. The a-cells secrete a hormone called glucagon, while the B-cells secrete insulin.
So the correct option is beta cells.
Question 4
1 / -0

A dehydration synthesis reaction is also known as

A
A condensation reaction

B
A hydrolysis reaction

C
An isomeric reaction

D
An energy-releasing reaction

Solution

Dehydration means removal of water. It is a synthesis reaction where polymerization occurs in which the monomers are bound together which releases water as the end product or byproduct.
Hence, the correct answer is 'A condensation reaction'.
Question 5
1 / -0

Decreased levels of estrogen is a common cause for

A
myasthenia gravis

B
tetany

C
osteoporosis

D
gout

Solution

Estrogen protects bones, so if one has low estrogen level, she is more at risk for developing osteoporosis.
So, the correct option is 'Osteoporosis'.
Question 6
1 / -0

Which is correct for Vasopressin

A
It is a long peptide in nature

B
It is also called as Diuretic hormone

C
It is released from hypothalamus

D
It is released from adrenal cortex

Solution

Vasopressin is produced by the hypothalamus and is stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitary. It is also called an anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), as it acts on the kidney and promotes re-absorption of water from urine. Thus ADH constantly regulates the amount of water in blood and therefore play a key role in the maintenance of blood pressure.
So the correct answer is "It is released from hypothalamus"
Question 7
1 / -0

Which of the following statement is/are not true?

A
Cyclic menstruation is an indication of normal reproductive phase

B
Progesterone is essential for maintenance of the fertilized ovum

C
High titre of progesterone is essential for implantation.

D
Release of LH is highest at the time of ovulation and is maintained throughout the luteal phase.
Solution
Progesterone is a hormone released by the corpus luteum in the ovary. It plays important role in the menstrual cycle and in maintaining the early stages of pregnancy.
If the egg is fertilized, progesterone stimulates the growth of blood vessels that supply the lining of the womb (endometrium) and stimulates glands in the endometrium to secrete nutrients that nourish the early embryo.
Progesterone then prepares the tissue lining of the uterus to allow the fertilized egg to implant and helps to maintain the endometrium throughout pregnancy.
Thus progesterone is important to maintain the uterine lining throughout pregnancy, but not essential for the maintenance of the fertilized ovum.
So the incorrect statement is B.
Question 8
1 / -0

Which of the following is/are organised gland/glands in human body?

A
Pancreas

B
Thyroid

C
Gonads

D
All of the above

Solution

Endocrine glands are the ductless glands that make up the endocrine system of a body. Since these glands are ductless they secrete their products directly into the bloodstream. Organised endocrine glands are the ones whose cell-producing hormones are found in clusters. The example of such glands is pancreas, thyroid, gonads.
So, the correct answer is D.
Question 9
1 / -0

How many hormones from the below list interact with intracellular receptors and regulate chromosome function and gene expression:-
GH, Oxytocin, ADH, ANF, Aldosterone, Cortisol, Thyroxin, Epinephrine, Estradiol, GnRH, and Progesterone.

A
Four

B
Five

C
Six

D
Seven

Solution

Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble and can easily pass through the cell membrane of a target cell into the cytoplasm. Thyroid hormone is a protein hormone that has a mechanism of action similar to that of steroid hormones, it can also pass through the plasma membrane of the cells and act on intracellular receptors. The hormones Aldosterone, Cortisol, Estradiol, and Progesterone are steroid hormones. These along with thyroid hormone act on intracellular receptors.
So, the correct option is 'Five'.
Question 10
1 / -0

Which one of these does not pertain to B-cells?

A
Have passed through the thymus

B
Synthesize and liberate antibodies

C
Have antibody-mediated immunity

D
Have specific receptors

Solution

B cells develop in the bone marrow but achieve maturity in peripheral lymphoid organs. Developmental stages are defined by the successful expression of heavy-chain and light-chain immunoglobulin genes. B cells provide humoral immunity against extracellular pathogens through antibody production. Antibodies neutralize pathogens and toxins, facilitate opsonization, and activate complement. The B-cell receptor or BCR is composed of immunoglobulin molecules that form a type 1 transmembrane receptor protein usually located on the outer surface of a lymphocyte type known as B cells.

So, the correct option is 'Option A'.

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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 42

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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 42

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Question 1

steroid hormones affect the synthesis of proteins, whereas peptide hormones affect the activity of proteins already in the cell

target cells react more rapidly to steroid hormones than they do to peptide hormones

steroid hormones bind to a receptor protein, whereas peptide hormones bind to G protein

steroid proteins affect metabolism, whereas peptide hormones affect membrane permeability

Solution

Question 2

Calcium

Sodium

Potassium

Chloride

Solution

Question 3

alpha cells

beta cells

chief cells

delta cells

Solution

Question 4

A condensation reaction

A hydrolysis reaction

An isomeric reaction

An energy-releasing reaction

Solution

Question 5

myasthenia gravis

tetany

osteoporosis

gout

Solution

Question 6

It is a long peptide in nature

It is also called as Diuretic hormone

It is released from hypothalamus

It is released from adrenal cortex

Solution

Question 7

Cyclic menstruation is an indication of normal reproductive phase

Progesterone is essential for maintenance of the fertilized ovum

High titre of progesterone is essential for implantation.

Release of LH is highest at the time of ovulation and is maintained throughout the luteal phase.

Solution

Question 8

Pancreas

Thyroid

Gonads

All of the above

Solution

Question 9

Four

Five

Six

Seven

Solution

Question 10

Have passed through the thymus

Synthesize and liberate antibodies

Have antibody-mediated immunity

Have specific receptors

Solution

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