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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 46

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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 46
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Which of the following gland in our body controls the biological clock in the human body?
    Solution
    • The pineal gland is an endocrine gland located on the dorsal side of the forebrain. Pineal secretes a hormone called melatonin.
    • Melatonin plays a very important role in the regulation of a 24-hour (diurnal) rhythm of our body. For example, it helps in maintaining the normal rhythms of the sleep-wake cycle, body temperature. In addition, melatonin also influences metabolism, pigmentation, the menstrual cycle as well as our defense capability. Hence the gland in our body that controls biological clock is a Pineal gland.

    So, the correct answer is 'Pineal gland'.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    .......... is the basal part of diencephalon with endocrine function regulating a wide spectrum of body functions.
    Solution

    A.     pineal gland is located in the epithalamus, near the center of the brain, between the two hemispheres, tucked in a groove where the two halves of the thalamus join.

    B.     pituitary gland  is situated in a bony hollow, just behind the bridge of your nose.

    C.    Hypothalamus is located below the thalamus (a part of the brain that relays sensory information) and above the pituitary gland and brain stem.

    D.    Adrenal glands  are located on top of each kidney.

    So, the correct option is 'Hypothalamus'.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Thickening the lining of the uterus each month in female body is the function of which of the following hormone?
    Solution
    Females have a pair of sex organs called ovaries located in the abdomen. Ovaries produce one ovum during each menstrual cycle. It also secretes hormones called estrogen and progesterone.
    Progesterone causes thickening the lining of the uterus each month in the female body to support the pregnancy. Progesterone also acts on the mammary glands and stimulates the formation of alveoli (sac-like structures which store milk) and milk secretion. 
    So, the correct option is 'Progesterone'.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    The bile duct and the pancreatic duct open together into the duodenum as the common hepatopancreatic duct which  is guarded by a sphincter called .........
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Grave's disease is due to
    Solution
    Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease that leads to a generalized over-activity of the entire thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism).  In Graves’ disease the antibodies (called the thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb) or thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) cause the cells to work overtime. The antibodies in Graves’ disease bind to receptors on the surface of thyroid cells and stimulate those cells to overproduce and release thyroid hormones. This results in an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism).
    So the correct option is 'hyperactivity of thyroid gland'
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    What is the function of the islets of Langerhans? 
    Solution
    The most common islet cell, the beta cell, produces insulin, the major hormone in the regulation of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. Insulin is crucial in several metabolic processes: it promotes the uptake and metabolism of glucose by the body’s cells; it prevents the release of glucose by the liver; it causes muscle cells to take up amino acids, the basic components of protein; and it inhibits the breakdown and release of fats. The release of insulin from the beta cells can be triggered by growth hormone (somatotropin) or by glucagon, but the most important stimulator of insulin release is glucose; when the blood glucose level increases—as it does after a meal—insulin is released to counter it. 
    So, the correct answer is ''All of the above''.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is not a hormone secreted by the ovaries?
    Solution
    Oxytocin is produced in the hypothalamus and is secreted into the bloodstream by the posterior pituitary gland. Secretion depends on electrical activity of neurons in the hypothalamus – it is released into the blood when these cells are excited. The two main actions of oxytocin in the body are contraction of the womb (uterus) during childbirth and lactation. Oxytocin stimulates the uterine muscles to contract and also increases production of prostaglandins, which increase the contractions further.
    So, the correct answer is 'Óxytocin'.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    The regression in size of which organ is associated with reduction in the power of defence against invasion by pathogens with ageing?
    Solution
    The thymus gland, located behind our sternum and between our lungs, is only active until puberty.
    After puberty, the thymus starts to slowly shrink and become replaced by fat.
    So, the correct option is 'Thymus'.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    A person without thymus would not be able to
    Solution
    Thymus gland is a lobular structure which is present on the dorsal side of the heart and aorta. It plays an important role in the development of immune system. It contains lymphoid tissue which is involved in the proliferation and maturation of T-lymphocytes.
    Hence, a person without thymus would not be able to reject a tissue transplant because as the immune system won't be developed, there will be no autoimmune response to reject the transplant. The T-lymphocytes which can distinguish between self and non-self, will not be produced. So, the transplant won't get rejected by the body.
    So, the correct answer is 'Reject a tissue transplant'.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    When a young child's body temperature drops, hypothalamus produces _____________ hormone.
    Solution
    • The hypothalamus is the basal part of the diencephalon, forebrain.
    • When a young child's body temperature drops, the hypothalamus produces TRH( thyrotropin-releasing hormone)hormone.
    • Thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothalamus stimulates TSH(Thyroid stimulating hormone) from the pituitary, which stimulates thyroid hormone release from the thyroid gland.
    • Thyroid hormone causes an increase in BMR(Basal metabolic cate) and increases in BMR results in an increase in body temperature to normal.
    • Hence When a young child's body temperature drops, the hypothalamus produces TRH( thyrotropin-releasing hormone)hormone.
    • So, the correct answer is 'TRH'.
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