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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 54

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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 54
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Pineal gland of human brain secretes melatonin, which is concerned with
    Solution
    Melatonin secretes from the pineal gland present in the anterior pituitary gland. Melatonin helps in regulating the sleep-wake cycle 
    Thus, the correct answer is (C).
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following pairs of organs includes only the endocrine glands?
    Solution
    Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete hormones directly into the blood rather than through a duct. The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) which causes an increase in blood calcium levels by targeting bone, the intestine, and the kidneys. The adrenal glands (also known as suprarenal glands) are endocrine glands that are responsible for releasing hormones in response to stress through the synthesis of corticosteroids and catecholamines. Whereas, gonads like testes in male ovaries in female have an exocrine function such as the production of gametes and endocrine function of testosterone, estrogens and progesterone production respectively. Pancreas also have the dual function. As an exocrine gland they secrete pancreatic juice and as an endocrine gland, they produce insulin and glucagon hormones.
    Thus, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following four glands is correctly matched with the accompanying description?
    Solution
    Thymic involution is the shrinking of the thymus gland with age, resulting in changes in the structure of the thymus and a decrease in its tissue mass. The thymus attains its greatest size at puberty when it weighs about 35 grams. After puberty, the organ undergoes involution (shrinking) with ageing.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    A man is admitted to a hospital. He is suffering from an abnormally low body temperature, loss of appetite and extreme thirst. His brain scan would probably show a tumor in
    Solution
    The hormones produced by hypothalamus control body temperature, thirst, hunger, sleep, circadian rhythm, moods, sex drive, and the release of other hormones in the body. The hunger and satiety centre, the thermoregulatory centre is present in the hypothalamus. So, a tumor in that region may cause the abnormalities, as low body temperature, loss of appetite and extreme thirst.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system secretes which of the following hormone?
    Solution
    Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system secretes mineralcorticoids. These are the steroid hormones. They regulate the water and electrolyte balance in the body. The main mineralcorticoid present in our body is aldosterone. Whenever $$K^+$$ concentration rises or $$Na^+$$ concentration falls, the aldosterone is released. It stimulates the renal tubules to absorb $$Na^+$$ and water and excrete $$K^+$$ and phosphate ions from the body. The aldosterone causes the active uptake of $$Na^+$$ ions from the nephric filtrate by acting over distal convoluted tubules and collecting tubules. As the sodium concentration in blood restores due to the action of aldosterone, the water also follows it by osmosis, so blood volume is restored. Thus, aldosterone maintains the electrolyte balance, body fluid volume, osmotic pressure and blood pressure of the body.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Which one controls the secretion of estrogen?
    Solution
    The synthesis and secretion of oestrogen is stimulated by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), which is, in turn, controlled by the hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH).
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Action of the peptide hormone on a target cell is mediated by
    Solution
    Peptide hormones act on the target cells and triggers neosynthesis of a specific product but do not get involved in any release step. While extracellular calcium ions at physiological concentrations work as the first messengers that activate steroidogenesis of the isolated cells, cyclic AMP is known to be the subserving factor that initiates and maintains full steroidogenesis.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Conn's disease is caused by the over-secretion of
    Solution
    Secretion of large amounts of aldosterone results in Conn's syndrome also called primary aldosteronism. Tumor in the zona glomerulosa cells of the adrenal cortex leads to hypersecretion of aldosterone. Adrenocortical hyperplasia (increase in the amount of tissue due to excessive cell proliferation) is another reason for excessive production. Symptoms associated with the condition include; Hypokalemia (low potassium levels in blood and tissue fluids) may lead to muscle paralysis.  Hypertension (increased blood pressure).
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    If parathyroid gland of a child is removed, which of the following is disturbed?
    Solution
    Parathyroidectomy or removal of the parathyroid gland will have adverse effects on calcium metabolism of the body as parathormone (from parathyroid gland) and thyrocalcitonin (from parathyroid gland) act antagonistically to maintain the calcium levels of the body. Lack of parathyroid gland can lead to low levels of calcium in the blood, often causing cramping and twitching of muscles or tetany (involuntary muscle contraction).
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Parathormone is secreted during
    Solution
    • When blood calcium levels drop, the parathyroid gland secretes parathyroid hormone. 
    • This hormone works to raise blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclasts to break down bone and release calcium into the bloodstream. 
    • PTH also signals kidneys to conserve calcium by reducing the amount excreted in the urine. 
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