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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 59

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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 59
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Parathormone deficiency leads to
    Solution
    Hypoparathyroidism is the state of decreased secretion or activity of parathyroid hormone (PTH). This leads to decreased blood levels of calcium (hypocalcemia) and increased levels of blood phosphorus (hyperphosphatemia).
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Which endocrine gland is not an ectodermal origin?
    Solution
    Endoderm, the innermost of the three germ layers, or masses of cells (lying within ectoderm and mesoderm), which appears early in the development of an animal embryo. The endoderm subsequently gives rise to the epithelium (tissue that covers, or lines, a structure) of the pharynx, including the eustachian tube, the tonsils, the thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, and thymus gland; the larynx, trachea, and lungs; the gastrointestinal tract (except mouth and anus), the urinary bladder, the vagina (in females), and the urethra. 
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Structure which has no role in endocrine secretion is
    Solution
    The submandibular glands are a pair of salivary glands located in the bottom of the mouth, on each side of the lower jaw. There are three pairs of salivary glands in humans. The primary function of the submandibular glands is to control the release saliva into the area of the mouth, that is located just under the tongue. It has got no role in endocrine secretion.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Parathyroid hormone
    Solution
    Parathyroid hormone is secreted by the parathyroid glands and is the most important regulator of calcium levels in the blood and within the bones. Parathyroid hormone is mainly controlled by the negative feedback of calcium levels in the blood to the parathyroid glands. Low calcium levels in the blood stimulate parathyroid hormone secretion, whereas high calcium levels in the blood prevent the release of parathyroid hormone.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Hypophysectomy leads to
    Solution
    Hypophysectomy is the term which refers to surgical removal of the pituitary gland. The gland is located at the base of the brain, just below the hypothalamus. The anterior pituitary is responsible for the secretion and release of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and leutinizing hormone (LH). These two hormones are called as gonadotropins because they are responsible for the growth and development of gonads, testes in males and ovaries in females. The stimulation of FSH causes the follicle to mature and LH causes ovulation in females. In males, The FSH is responsible for the production and development of sperms. 
    When the pituitary gland is removed, there is regression of reproductive function. The reproductive characters are not well developed in the absence of pituitary gland. 
    So, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Thymus gland develops from embryonic 
    Solution
    The triploblastic animals have three prominent germ layers known as ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm. Thymus gland develops from two hollow elongations (third and fourth pharyngeal pouches) of endoderm which descends to the embryonic thorax by the end of eight weeks of gestation. The lymphoid cells of the gland originate from mesoderm. Thus, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Which is the largest endocrine gland in the human body?
    Solution
    • The thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland in the body. It is located in the neck, below the larynx, and in front of the trachea.
    • It secretes thyroid hormone, which regulates important metabolic processes connected to our heart rate, body temperature, and energy levels.
    So, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Adrenal gland is 
    Solution
    The adrenal glands, situated at the top of each kidney, develop from two separate embryological tissues namely, the neural crest ectoderm and the intermediate mesoderm. The medulla originates from neural crest cells (which are ectodermal in origin) migrating from sympathetic ganglion. Mesodermal cells then surround the medulla. The adrenal cortex develops from the intermediate mesoderm. 
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    3F gland is 
    Solution
    • The adrenal medulla secretes 2 hormones - adrenalin and noradrenalin. 
    • Adrenalin is also called an emergency hormone. 
    • Adrenaline brings about increased heartbeat, the rate of respiration and dilation of pupils, thereby preparing the body to face an emergency situation. 
    • Adrenalin is also called as 3F hormone because it takes care of emergency functions of the body during fear, fight, and flight. 
    • Hence, the adrenal gland is also known as the 3F gland. 
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    "4s gland" is 
    Solution
    The adrenal gland is known as 4S gland. 4S stands for the source of energy, sugar metabolism, salt retention and sex hormones. 
    The adrenal glands, located at the top of each kidney, produce hormones that help the body control blood sugar, burn protein, and fat, react to stressors like a major illness or injury and regulate blood pressure. Two of the most important adrenal hormones are cortisol and aldosterone.
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