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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 60

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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 60
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Steroid hormones 
    Solution
    Solution : 
    The correct answer is : A
    The explanation for the correct answer is 
    • The steroid hormone receptors mainly found in the nucleus, cytosol and also present at the plasma membrane of the target cell .
    • The steroid hormones are lipophilic .
    • Steroid hormones cross the plasma cell membrane to the target and attach to intracellular lipophilic receptors within the cytoplasm and nucleus.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Which gland decreases in size with increasing age?
    Solution
    The thymus is a specialized organ of the immune system. Within the thymus, T cells or T lymphocytes mature. At birth, it is about 5 cm in length, 4 cm in breadth, and about 6 mm in thickness. The organ enlarges during childhood and atrophies at puberty. The thymus is at its largest in children. The thymus reaches maximum weight (20 to 37 grams) by the time of puberty. As one ages, the thymus slowly shrinks, eventually degenerating into tiny islands of fatty tissue. By the age of 75 years, the thymus weighs only 6 grams.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    A tumour in the adrenal zona glomerulosa can cause hyper secretion of hormone produced in that region. Which of the following might you expect to find in a patient with such a tumour?
    Solution
    The outermost layer of adrenal gland, the zona glomerulosa is the main site for production of mineralocorticoids, mainly aldosterone. 
    Aldosterone exerts its effects on the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct of the kidney, where it causes increased reabsorption of sodium and increased excretion of both potassium and hydrogen ions. Hence, a tumour in the adrenal zona glomerulosa can cause hypersecretion of aldosterone hormone, leading to increased blood sodium levels.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Which of the following act as a local messenger?
    Solution
    Messenger proteins (or signaling proteins) carry messages or signals. They provide a means by which cells in one part of the body communicate with cells in another location. In some cases, these proteins can carry a signal from one cellular location to another. The signals can trigger/modulate the immune response, promote cell development/differentiation, alter cell metabolism, or stimulate cell growth. Carrier proteins help specific molecules or ions pass through the plasma membrane. They do not extend through the membrane. They bond and drag the molecules through the bilipid layer and release them on the opposite side. 
    Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Hassall's corpuscles are found in 
    Solution
    Hassall's corpuscles (or thymic corpuscles) are structures found in the medulla of the human thymus, formed from eosinophilic type VI epithelial reticular cells arranged concentrically. 
    The cytoplasm in Hassalls corpuscles contains keratohyalin granules and intermediate fibres and may be keratinised. 
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    "Pinealocytes cells" occurs in 
    Solution
    Pinealocytes are the main cells contained in the pineal gland, located behind the third ventricle and between the two hemispheres of the brain. The primary function of the pinealocytes is the secretion of the hormone melatonin, important in the regulation of circadian rhythms.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Which hormone control activity of zona glomerulosa of adrenal gland?
    Solution
    When the renal blood flow is reduced, juxtaglomerular cells in the kidneys convert the prorenin in the blood into renin and secrete into circulation. Plasma renin performs the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II by the enzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme. Angiotensin II causes blood vessels to constrict, resulting in increased blood pressure. Angiotensin II also stimulates the secretion of the hormone aldosterone from the zona glomerulosa of adrenal cortex. Aldosterone causes the tubules of the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of sodium and water into the blood. This increases the volume of fluid in the body, which also increases blood pressure.
    Thus, the correct answer is option A. 
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    The blood calcium level is lowered by the deficiency of
    Solution

    • Solution:

      • Correct answer is option C 

      • Explanation for the correct option
    • Parathyroid gland secrets parathormone which serves antagonistically to calcitonin and increases the blood calcium level. Very little parathyroid hormone or hypoparathyroidism.
    • It is one of the rare disorder. It leads to decrease levels of calcium in the blood and this condition is known as hypocalcemia.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    If ovaries from a pregnant woman are removed in 4$$^{th}$$ month of pregnency, then
    Solution
    Trophoblast refers to outer cells of a blastocyst that serve in placenta formation in the beginning of the second trimester. It secretes human chorionic gonadotropin that ensures persistence of the corpus luteum. The later serves to secrete ovarian hormone estrogen, progesterone, and relaxin that are required to maintain pregnancy. Hence, removal of ovaries after 4th month would not affect the pregnancy. The correct answer is C.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    The function/s of the renin produced by kidney is/are
    Solution
    • Decreased blood pressure, low sodium levels are the stimuli for the production of renin from the kidney.
    • The renin secreted has enzymatic activity and is an important part of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS).
    • The RAAS plays an important role in regulating the cardiac output and arterial pressure. It does it by regulating the ultrafiltration in the kidneys. 
    • The main function of renin in the RAAS system is the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I (proteolytic activity).
    • Though the mechanism is not clearly understood the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) also plays an important role in the hematopoiesis. 
    Thus renin performs all the three functions. Hence, the correct option is D.
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