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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 68

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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 68
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    The isthmus which connects right and left lobes of thyroid gland is located from ............ tracheal cartilages.
    Solution
    • The thyroid gland consists of two left and right lobes which are connected by a thin, median isthmus overlying from 2$$^{nd}$$ to 4$$^{th}$$ tracheal rings, forming a "U" or "H" shape.

    So, the correct answer is option B.

  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    ACTH controls the secretion of :
    Solution
    A.Correct option -B
    B.Explanation for correct option -B

    • ACTH is secreted by adenohypophysis of the pituitary gland and controls the secretion of the adrenal cortical hormone named cortisol. 
    • Cortisol is a steroidal hormone that regulated the metabolic activities of the body. Under stressed conditions, it initiates the synthesis of glucose from the proteins so that more energy can be provided to the body.
    • Therefore, it carries out gluconeogenesis.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Chymase is a
    Solution
    • Chymase is a chymotrypsin-like serine protease found in the mast cells and also present in basophil granulocytes.
    • Chymase hydrolyzes chymotryptic substrates by activating chymotrypsinogen.
    • So, the correct answer is 'Activator of chymotrypsinogen'.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Which centre is stimulated during increase in body temperature
    Solution
    Hypothalamus can be distinguished into three parts:
    1. Anterior hypothalamus: This region is involved in controlling body functions like circadian rhythms, thermoregulation (control of body temperature), sweating etc.
    2. Middle hypothalamus: The middle part of hypothalamus is also known as tuberal component. This region is involved in the regulation of blood pressure, gastrointestinal functions, heart rate etc.
    3. Posterior hypothalamus: This region regulates sleep, memory, learning etc.
    • The limbic system is present on both sides of thalamus beneath the cerebrum. It is mainly involved in regulation of functions like emotions, thinking and stimulation.
    • Red nucleus is a structure made up of group of cells and is present in the tegmentum of midbrain and is involved in regulation of muscle activities.
    So, the correct answer is option (A)
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Which of these is a second messenger?
    Solution
    Second messengers are the intracellular molecules released by the cell in response to exposure to extracellular molecules i.e. first messengers. Extracellular molecules trigger the release of the secondary messengers.
    • The cAMP is a derivative of the ATP. It is used for many intracellular signalling pathways.
    • ATP is a nucleotide. It is created during respiration in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells.
    • AMP is nucleoside triphosphate i.e. a type of nucleotide. AMP is used as a monomer of RNA, also used to generate ATP.
    • GMP is a nucleotide, that is used as a monomer of RNA
    So, the correct answer is 'cAMP' 
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Which is a bridge between nervous system and endocrine system?
    Solution
    • Hypothalamus is the portion of the brain that maintains the body’s internal balance (homeostasis).
    • It is involved in many functions of neural systems such as stimulate or inhibit many of your body's key processes, including Heart rate and blood pressure.
    • The hypothalamus produces releasing and inhibiting hormones, which stop and start the production of other hormones throughout the body. E.g. growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), somatostatin, gonadotropin-releasing hormone and thyrotrophin-releasing hormone.
    • It controls both the system at the same time. 
    • E.g. When the body's blood volume decreases, the osmoreceptors present in the hypothalamus detects it and sends the neural signal to the pituitary gland, which inturns release ADH that enables the increase in the reabsorption of the water from the urine. Simultaneously, it gives a neural signal to the brain, so that the person feels thirsty.
    • Thus, the hypothalamus is the link between the endocrine and nervous systems.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Which one is not involved as secondary messenger in $$Ca^{2+}$$ mediated hormone?
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Pick the correct statements about the main functions of cerebrum in humans a)Control contraction of voluntary muscles through frontal lobe
     b)Control sensitivity, movement, memory, vocabulary through frontal lobe   c)Control temperature, taste, touch, pain, etc. through parietal lobe 
     d)Control vision and adaptation through occipital and frontal lobes
    Solution
    The voluntary movements are commanded by the motor cortex, the zone of the cerebrum located behind the frontal lobe. The motor cortex sends a neural message that moves through the brain stem along the spinal cord and into the neural network to the muscle being commanded. The middle part of the brain, the parietal lobe helps a person to identify objects and understand spatial relationships (where one's body is compared to objects around the person). The parietal lobe is also involved in interpreting pain and touch in the body. The parietal lobe processes information about temperature, taste, touch and movement, while the occipital lobe is primarily responsible for vision. The temporal lobe processes memories, integrating them with sensations of taste, sound, sight and touch.
    Hence the correct answer is (A)
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Androgens are produced by
    Solution
    Androgens are male sex hormones.
    A) Adrenals produce androgens. Ovaries produce androgens in less quantity. 
    B) Ovaries produce androgens in less quantity. Testis are the main androgen producing organs.
    C) Testes and adrenals produce androgens in considerable amounts.
    D) Besides adrenals, testes also produce androgens.
    So, the answer is 'Testes and Adrenals'.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Hypothalamus is
    Solution
    A.Correct option -D
    B.Explanation for correct option 

    The hypothalamus is a part of the brain that has a vital role in controlling many body functions, including - sleep-wake cycle, endocrine function, sexual behaviour, reproduction, temperature regulation, food intake regulation.
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