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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 8

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Chemical Coordination and Integration Test 8
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Progesterone is secreted by
    Solution
    Progesterone is an endogenous steroid hormone involved in menstrual cycle, pregnancy and embryogenesis. It is produced in high amounts in the ovaries by the corpus luteum from the onset of puberty to menopause.
    Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Which hormone is responsible for the changes noticed in females at puberty?
    Solution
    • Oestrogen is a hormone which is responsible for changes noticed in females during puberty.
    • It is responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics.
    • At the onset of puberty, estrogen is responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics. These include breasts, endometrium, regulation of the menstrual cycle, etc.
    • Hence the hormone responsible for the changes noticed in females at puberty is Oestrogen.
    • So, the correct answer is 'Oestrogen'.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Which of the following acts both as endocrine (ductless) and exocrine (with duct) gland?
    Solution
    Pancreas acts both as an endocrine (ductless) and exocrine (with duct) gland.
    The pancreas is an organ that serves two vital purposes. It aids food digestion by producing enzyme-laden pancreatic juice and contributes to sugar metabolism by producing hormones like insulin and glucagon.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Which one is the correct combination for the labels of the figure?

    Solution
    Pineal gland is a small gland located behind the third ventricle of the brain and produces melatonin hormone which regulates the circadian rhythm.
    The pituitary is an important gland in the body and called as 'master gland' because it controls several of the other glands located at the base of the brain. The thyroid gland is the biggest gland in the neck. It is situated in the anterior (front) neck which wraps around the trachea. It produced thyroxine hormone that regulates the metabolism. The thymus gland, located behind the sternum and between the lungs, is only active until puberty. After puberty, the thymus starts to slowly shrink and become replaced by fat. Thymosin is the hormone of the thymus and it stimulates the development of disease-fighting T cells. Thus, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Release of sex hormones is under the control of a hormone secreted by the 
    Solution
    Hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary gland to release the sex hormones.The Anterior Lobe is greatly involved in the development of the body, reproduction and sexual maturation. The hormones produced by the anterior lobe regulate growth and stimulate the adrenal glands,  thyroid glands, ovaries and testes. The anterior lobe also generates prolactin, which enables new mothers to produce milk. Oxytocin is another hormone produced by the posterior lobe. Oxytocin aids in uterine contractions during childbirth and stimulates the production of milk after childbirth. Thus the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the _______ , and transports it to the _______.
    Solution
    Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the blood for transportation to the effector organ. The effector organ can also be called as a target organ. The major glands of the endocrine system include the pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, hypothalamus and adrenal glands.
    So, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Which of the following glands is lost as the age advances?
    Solution
    Thymus glands is a specialised lymphoid organ of the immune system. It helps in the maturation of the T cells. it plays an important role during the puberty at the adolescence stage.  After puberty, it degenerates and it is replaced by fat. This shrinkage of thymus mainly takes place due to a high level of sex hormones.
    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Match the columns.
    List IList II
    APancreas1This organ secretes the chemical enzymes of amylase, protease and lipase.
    BRectum2This is a storage site for faeces before being egested from the body.
    COesophagus3The structure where mechanical digestion of food first occurs.
    DOral cavity4This tube structure transports food from the oral cavity to the stomach.
    Solution
    Protease enzymes are secreted by the stomach, pancreas and small intestine and they digest proteins. Carbohydrase enzymes (amylase) are secreted by the stomach, pancreas and small intestine and they digest complex starch (polysaccharide) molecules. Lipase is secreted by the pancreas and the walls of the small intestine. It digests complex fat (or lipid) molecules. The function of rectum is to act temporary storage for faeces before being expelled out of body. The oesophagus is a muscular tube that transports saliva, liquids and foods from the mouth to the stomach. The function of the oral cavity and its structures is to begin the process of digestion. The oral cavity receives food, chews and mixes it with saliva and then begins the swallowing process.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    A secretion which aids in digestion of major foodstuffs is
    Solution
    • Pancreatic enzymes help break down fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. The pancreatic juice secreted into the duodenum contains pancreatic enzymes (lipase, protease, amylase) to help with digestion and bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid as it enters the small intestine.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Which hormone is responsible for ovulation?
    Solution
    Luteinizing hormone (LH) is secreted by the anterior part of the pituitary. The main function of the hormone is to inhibit the secretion of FSH. The hormone causes release of the ovum from the mature Graafian follicle on the 14$$^{th}$$ day of menstrual cycle. This process is known as ovulation.
    Thus, the correct answer is option A. 
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