Plant Kingdom Test - 38

Spirulina is Extremely High in Many Nutrients-
Spirulina is an organism that grows in both fresh and salt water.
A single tablespoon (7 grams) of dried Spirulina powder contains:

•     Protein: 4 grams.
•     Vitamin B1 (Thiamin): 11% of the RDA.
•     Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin): 15% of the RDA.
•     Vitamin B3 (Niacin): 4% of the RDA.
•     Copper: 21% of the RDA.
•     Iron: 11% of the RDA.

It also contains decent amounts of magnesium, potassium and manganese, and small amounts of almost every other nutrient that we need.
This is coming with only 20 calories and 1.7 grams of digestible carbohydrate.
Polysiphonia is a genus of red alga with about 19 species.
Agar is extracted from Gelidium. 

Phycoerythrin (PE) is a red protein-pigment complex from the light-harvesting phycobiliprotein family, present in red algae and cryptophytes It is an accessory to the main chlorophyll pigments responsible for photosynthesis.
Polysiphonia is a genus of red alga. 

• Phycology is the scientific study of algae.
• Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical properties, their taxonomy, and their use to humans.
• Cytology is the branch of biology and medicine concerned with the structure and function of plant and animal cells.
• Bacteriology is the study of bacteria.

Agar is a jelly-like substance, obtained from Red algae.
Agar is derived from the polysaccharide agarose, which forms the supporting structure in the cell walls of certain species of algae and which is released on boiling. These algae are known as agarophytes and belong to the Rhodophyta (red algae) phylum. Agar is actually the resulting mixture of two components: the linear polysaccharide agarose and a heterogeneous mixture of smaller molecules called agaropectin.
Throughout history into modern times, agar has been chiefly used as an ingredient in desserts throughout Asia and also as a solid substrate to contain culture media for microbiological work. Agar (agar-agar) can be used as a laxative, an appetite suppressant, a vegetarian substitute for gelatin, a thickener for soups, in fruit preserves, ice cream, and other desserts, as a clarifying agent in brewing, and for sizing paper and fabrics.
The gelling agent in agar is an unbranched polysaccharide obtained from the cell walls of some species of red algae, primarily from the genera Gelidium and Gracilaria. For commercial purposes, it is derived primarily from Gelidium amansii. In chemical terms, agar is a polymer made up of subunits of the sugar galactose.

Cephaleuros is a species of green algae. It is filamentous in structure and is a parasite of higher plants. It causes diseases called algal leaf spot, algal fruit spot and green scurf. This leads to an economic loss of the plant. Factors responsible for these algal infections are poor plant nutrition, poor soil drainage, and stagnant air. Thus the correct answer is option B.

• Agar, carrageenan and alginate are extracted from seaweeds and used to thicken a variety of foods, including soy milk, chocolate milk, ice cream, yoghurt, soups, salad dressings and jellies.
• Most brown algae contain the pigment fucoxanthin, which is responsible for the distinctive greenish-brown colour that gives them their name. 
• Phycoerythrin is a red protein-pigment complex from the light-harvesting phycobiliprotein family, present in red algae and cryptophytes, accessory to the main chlorophyll pigments responsible for photosynthesis.
  
• The Horseshoe Crab or King Crab is called a "living fossil" because it has been on earth for millions of years. 
• Ginkgo biloba is called a living fossil because all the other members of its group are now fossils. Cycads are one of the oldest forms of plant life; they were here long, long before dinosaurs stomped the Earth and have remained essentially unchanged, that's why they are called living fossil.

Sargassum seaweed is a brown seaweed. It is an auto tropic organism. It is commonly found on rocks, stones etc. 

Most plants exhibit alternation of generations in their life cycle. These plants have a diploid sporophytic phase that produces the haploid spores which form the gametophyte. This haploid gametophyte produces haploid gametes which then fuse to form the diploid sporophyte and that further develops into a plant. 

Noctiluca scintillans is bioluminescent phytoplankton. The bioluminescence is the property of emitting light produced by a series of oxidation reactions set off by a catalyst called luciferase.