Plant Kingdom Test - 7

The algal class Rhodophyta are commonly called as red algae because it contain red pigment, r-phycoerythrin  along with chlorophyll a and d.

Agar, one of the commercial products obtained from Gelidium are used to grow microbes and in preparations of ice-creams and jellies.

Acetabularia is a genus of green algae, specially of  Polyphysaceae family. It is the largest unicellular organism.

Green patchy structure that develops around the surface of stagnant water bodies having thread like mass are called pond scum. They are actually a species of green algae ],Spirogyra.

Spirogyra is an algae that have long thread like structure having ribbon shaped chloroplast. Spirogyra is found in stagnant water forming green layer around the surface called pond scum.

Red algae in the order Corallinales , characterized by a thallus that is hard because of calcareous deposits which contribute in producing coral reefs in sea water.

Sphagnum mosses not only dominate large areas of the boreal peatlands, but they have also formed these habitats by their growth and production of decay-resistant litter. As they invade, they can quickly transform a high-pH fen with little peat accumulation to a bog where large amounts of carbon is stored. They are also responsible for the many types of surface patterns observed in peatlands. Their ability to shape and transform mires can to a large extent be understood from the peculiar anatomy and biochemistry, a fact which makes the links between species’ traits and ecosystem functions in peatlands very strong.

The spore of moss germinate to produce protonema, which is a green, branched and frequently filamentous stage and develops a lateral bud which is called as secondary protonema or a leafy stage.Secondary protonema also gives rise to gametophore initials. Secondary protonema can undergo both sexual and asexual modes of reproduction. It reproduces asexually by the processes of budding and fragmentation. Sexual reproduction is the process which occurs in the leafy stage. 

Asexual reproduction in liverworts takes place by the formation of specialised structures called gemmae (sing. gemma). Gemmae are green, multicellular, asexual buds, which develop in small receptacles called gemma cups located on the thalli. The gemmae become detached from the parent body and germinate to form new individuals.