Plant Kingdom Test - 75

Bamboo can be monocarpic or polycarpic whereas Strobilanthes kunthiana is a monocarpic plant. The juvenile phase of bamboo can vary from 3-120 years and the juvenile phase of Strobilanthes kunthiana can vary from 8-16 years.

Stonewort is a green macroalga. however some might be viewed as a disturbance in 120 cm in the water segment are 5–8 for every whorl, up to 9cm long, and made out of 2 to 3.examples are Protandrous, Gynandrous, shield cells, coronary cells, Tube cells, Archegoniophore, Globule, Monoecious.

Land plants are those members of plant kingdom where the habitat is terrestrial. They are grouped into several categories based on reproductive organs and complexity of vascular structures. They are; bryophytes, mosses, ferns, lycophytes, gymnosperms and flowering plants. Red algae are found mostly found in sea and oceans. Only few are found in freshwater. Land plants originated from freshwater algae. Brown algae form a large group of marine algae that includes giant algae such as kelp (seaweed). However, they are not ancestor of land plants because they do not have photosynthetic pigments like land plants. Angiosperms are higher members of the land plants and not its ancestors.

Alginic acid, also called algin or alginate, is a polysaccharide distributed widely in the cell walls of brown algae, where through binding with water it forms a viscous gum. It is also a significant component of the biofilms produced by the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the major pathogen in cystic fibrosis, that confer it a high resistance to antibiotics and killing by macrophages. Its colour ranges from white to yellowish-brown. It is sold in filamentous, granular or powdered forms. Alginate absorbs water quickly, which makes it useful as an additive in dehydrated products such as slimming aids, and in the manufacture of paper and textiles. It is also used for waterproofing and fireproofing fabrics, in the food industry as a thickening agent for drinks, ice cream and cosmetics, and as a gelling agent for jellies. Alginate is used as an ingredient in various pharmaceutical preparations, such as Gaviscon, in which it combines with bicarbonate to inhibit reflux. Sodium alginate is used as an impression-making material in dentistry, prosthetics, lifecasting and for creating positives for small-scale casting. Sodium alginate is used in reactive dye printing and as a thickener for reactive dyes in textile screen-printing.[citation needed] Alginates do not react with these dyes and wash out easily, unlike starch-based thickeners.

The green scum seen in water bodies includes both green algae as well as blue-green algae. The excessive growth of such bloom forming algae is mainly because of presence of phosphates or nitrates in the water body (eutrophication). Such algal blooms can choke the water body. Green algae and blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) both are photosynthetic and decrease the dissolved oxygen content of water body this kills much of flora and fauna of that water body. Later on, when microorganisms decompose these algae, further reduction in dissolved oxygen occurs. So, the correct answer is 'Both A and C'.

The brown algae comprising the class Phaeophyceae, are a large group of multicellular algae, including many seaweeds located in colder waters within the Northern Hemisphere. Most brown algae live in marine environments, where they play an important role both as food and as habitat. Most brown algae contain the pigment fucoxanthin, which is responsible for the distinctive greenish-brown color that gives them their name. Brown algae are unique among heterokonts in developing into multicellular forms with differentiated tissues, but they reproduce by means of flagellated spores and gametes that closely resemble cells of other heterokonts. Genetic studies show their closest relatives to be the yellow-green algae.

Sphagnum efficiently absorbs moisture because of its close overlapping leaves and sponge-like matting of the branches around the stem, and also the microscopic structure of the leaves. The elongated living cells form a network running throughout the leaf but it is a second set of cells, dead and empty, that provide the plant’s capacity for absorption. Their porous cell walls allow water to flow in and inflate them. Each cell can absorb up to 25 times its own weight of liquid. Sphagnum has found use since ancient times in home-made sanitary towels and as a form of nappy. Sphagnum has been used to staunch wounds for over 1,000 years. Scottish soldiers used it at the battle of Flodden in 1513. Its use for wounds waned until the 1914–18 war, when it soon became obvious to surgeons that the need for dressings would be immense due to the unexpected numbers of military wounded.

Nepenthes is also known as the pitcher plant. It is an insectivorous plant. Psilotum is a pteridophyte and it is used for medicinal purpose. Aconitum is a medicinal plant. Rauwolfia is also a medicinal plant. 

The green algae are a large, informal grouping of algae consisting of the Chlorophyta and Charophyta/Streptophyta, which are now placed in separate divisions, as well as the potentially more basal Eustigmatophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Spirotaenia. The land plants, or embryophytes, are thought to have emerged from the charophytes.[3] Therefore, cladistically, embryophytes belong to green algae as well. However, because the embryophytes are traditionally classified as neither algae nor green algae, green algae are a paraphyletic group. Since the realization that the embryophytes emerged from within the green algae, some authors are starting to include them. Green algae have chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll a and b, giving them a bright green color, as well as the accessory pigments beta carotene and xanthophylls, in stacked thylakoids. The cell walls of green algae usually contain cellulose, and they store carbohydrate in the form of starch.