Plant Kingdom Test - 8

Gymnosperms  produces seeds without formation of flowers. The gymnosperms (gymnos : naked, sperma : seeds) are plants in which the ovules are not enclosed by any ovary wall and remain exposed, both before and after fertilisation. The seeds that develop post-fertilisation, are not covered, i.e., are naked.

Species of Sphagnum, a moss, provide peat that have long been used as fuel.

Bryophytes are also called amphibians of the plant kingdom because these plants can live in soil but are dependent on water for sexual reproduction as they release antherozoids into water where they come in contact with archegonium to produce zygote. 

These plants can live in soil but are dependent on water for sexual reproduction as they release antherozoids  into water where they come in contact with archegonium to produce zygote. They usually occur in damp, humid and shaded localities.

Archegoniophore (female gametophytes ) develop on the thallus of Marchantia. Each archegonium produces a single egg cell which helps in sexual reproduction.

Rhizoids are the root like structures present in Bryophytes that help in anchorage and absorption of water. They are thin hair like structure generally present at ventral surface of Bryophytes.

All moss capsules have an operculum and peristome. During spore dispersal , peristome teeth bend outwards and spores fall out of the capsule and are carried by air currents.

Riccia is a genus of liverworts in the order Marchantiales. In bryophytes, plant body is generally haploid (n) that alternate with diploid form for shorter period. The thallus of Riccia is Halploid.

Sphagnum is also known as peat moss as it provide peat that have long been used as fuel.

 Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms belongs to different division of plant kingdom but both of them possess Archegonia as female sex organ which produces female gamete for sexual reproduction.