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Anatomy of Flowering Plants Test - 24

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Anatomy of Flowering Plants Test - 24
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Four radial vascular bundles are found in
    Solution
    Vascular bundles wherein xylem and phloem lie side by side are called as radial bundles, which are the characteristic feature of the root. A number of vascular bundles vary from 2-6 in dicot root, whereas monocot roots have numerous bundles, not limited to 6. So, four radial vascular bundles can be found in dicot root. Both monocot and dicot stem have conjoint vascular bundles, wherein xylem and phloem are separated from one another.
    So, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Thickness of stem increase due to activity of 
    Solution
    Secondary growth refers to the growth that results from cell division in the cambium or lateral meristems and that causes the stems and roots to thicken, while primary growth is growth that occurs as a result of cell division at the tips of stems and roots, causing them to elongate and gives rise to primary tissue. Secondary growth occurs in most seed plants, but monocots usually lack secondary growth. 
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Lateral root arises from
    Solution
    The pericycle is a cylinder of parenchyma or sclerenchyma cells that lies just inside the endodermis and is the outer most part of the stele of plants. Although, it is composed of non-vascular parenchyma cells, it is still considered part of the vascular cylinder because it arises from the procambium as do the vascular tissues it surrounds. In eudicots, it also has the capacity to produce lateral roots. Branch roots arise from this primary meristem tissue. In plants undergoing secondary growth, the pericycle contributes to the vascular cambium often diverging into a cork cambium. Cortex, pith and endodermis does not gives rise to lateral roots.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Which type of vascular bundles are found in monocot stem?
    Solution
    Monocot stem vascular bundles are found irregularly scattered in the ground tissue. Towards the periphery, the bundles are smaller in size while towards the centre, they are larger in size. The smaller bundles are younger, while the larger ones are older. Hence, the arrangement is described as centrifugal or endarch. 
    Each vascular bundle has a covering, called as bundle sheath formed by a single layer of sclerenchyma cells. The vascular bundle encloses both xylem and phloem. Xylem is found towards the inner surface and phloem towards the outer surface. Cambium is absent. Hence, the vascular bundles are described as conjoint, collateral and closed. 
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Girth of dicot stem increases by the activity of
    Solution
    Secondary growth is growth at the lateral meristem and increases the girth of the stem. This type of growth is only found in dicots and is not found in monocots. 
    Apical meristems are the completely undifferentiated (indeterminate) meristems in a plant. These differentiate into three kinds of primary meristems. The primary meristems in turn produce the two secondary meristem types. These secondary meristems are also known as lateral meristems, because they are involved in lateral growth.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is not a character of dicot root?
    Solution
    Features of a dicot root -
    1. Presence of thin walled cells in the epiblema. 
    2. Absence of cuticle and stomata. 
    3. Presence of unicellular root hairs. 
    4. Absence of hypodermis. 
    5. Presence of passage cells and Casparian thickenings in the endodermis. 6. Presence of uniseriate pericycle made up of parenchyma. 
    7. Presence of conjuctive tissue. 
    8. Absence of pith. 
    9. Presence of radial vascular bundles exhibiting tetrach condition with exarch xylem. 
    10. Secondary growth is present only in dicots. 
    11. Vascular bundles are described as radial and tetrarch. 
    12. There are four bundles each of xylem and phloem occurring alternately. Xylem is described as exarch. 
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Passage cells are thin-walled cells found in
    Solution
    Passage cells are endodermal cells of older roots which have retained thin walls and Casparian strips rather than becoming suberized and waterproof like the other cells around them, to continue to allow some symplastic flow to the inside (cortex to pericycle). 
    Passage cells function to allow transfer of solutes, such as calcium and magnesium into the stele, in order to eventually reach the transpiration system. 
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Cork cambium represents
    Solution
    Cork cambium or phellogen is derived from pericycle and produces cork  or phellem towards the periphery and phelloderm or secondary cortex on the inside, thus adding new cells and increasing the girth of the plant. Meristem which is derived from any permanent tissues and produce secondary tissues during secondary growth causing the increase in girth of the plant is termed as secondary meristem. Cork cambium is a secondary meristem and apical meristem, as it is not present in root and shoot apices and does not form any of primary permanent tissues of a plant body.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    The cambium which produces cork is called as
    Solution
    Phellogen, also known as cork cambium, is the meristematic plant tissue responsible for the formation of the periderm that is the covering of the stem, shoots and roots. The inner side of the phellogen layer forms the phelloderm and its outer side forms the cork. The suber secretes suberin, an impermeable substance that impregnates the tissue. Phelloderm, periblem and plerome does not produce cork. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Grafting is successful in dicots but not in monocots because the dicots have
    Solution
    Monocot plants cannot be grafted as they lack the cambium tissue which is present in dicot plants. Cambium tissue is a meristematic tissue which is present in the vascular bundles of the dicot plants. This tissue has a regeneration capacity due to which it can form new tissue at the time of grafting. The lack of cambium in monocots makes it impossible to graft. Grafting or graftage is a technique used in horticulture that consists of taking tissues from one plant and putting them onto another plant. The two plants will then grow together.
    The technique is a type of vegetative reproduction. Grafting is commonly used with roses, and fruit trees. It only works with dicots and gymnosperms and not with monocots. Monocots do not have a vascular cambium, which is needed for the process to work. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option B.
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