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Anatomy of Flowering Plants Test - 26

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Anatomy of Flowering Plants Test - 26
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  • Question 1
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    Who proposed the tunica-corpus theory?
    Solution
    The tunica-corpus theory was proposed by a German scientist A. Schmidt in 1924. The theory includes that the shoot apex can be differentiated into two major regions corpus and tunica. Corpus is a central core, with large cells dividing irregularly to result in volume growth. It is surrounded by an outer enveloping layer the tunica. The tunica may be single or multilayered. It 
    Thus, option D is correct.
  • Question 2
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    The meristem, which develops primary vascular tissue is
    Solution
    A vascular bundle is a part of the transport system in vascular plants. The transport itself happens in vascular tissue, which exists in two forms, xylem and phloem. Both these tissues are present in a vascular bundle, which in addition will include supporting and protective tissues. Also, it is a vein in the leaf that contains conducting tissues. 
    The procambium is formed by smaller cells and longer than the ground meristem, gives rise to primary vascular tissue cells (primary xylem and primary phloem) and the pericycle. 
  • Question 3
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    Polyarch condition is found in
    Solution
    Monocot root vascular bundles are radial in arrangement. There are eight bundles each of xylem and phloem. Hence, the condition is described as polyarch. Xylem is described as exarch in monocot root. 
    Monocot stem vascular bundles are conjoint, collateral and closed with endarch xylem. 
    Dicot root vascular bundles are described as radial and tetrarch. There are four bundles each of xylem and phloem occurring alternately. Xylem is described as exarch. 
    Dicot stem vascular bundles are eight in number, arranged in form of a broken ring. The vascular bundles are conjoint, collateral and open. Xylem is on the inner surface and phloem on the outer surface. Xylem is described as endarch. 
  • Question 4
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    Casparian strips are characteristic feature of endodermis, made up of
    Solution
    In plant anatomy, the Casparian strip is a band of cell wall material deposited on the radial and transverse walls of the endodermis and is chemically different from the rest of the cell wall the cell wall.
    The Casparian strip is made up of suberin and sometimes lignin. It blocks the passive flow of materials, such as water and solutes into the stele of a plant. Thus, option C is correct.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Quiescent centre is present in
    Solution
    The quiescent centre (QC) is a small group of cells with low mitotic activity (they divide sometimes, but only rarely). QC's are to be found at the tips of growing roots, in the root meristem, and are typically surrounded by groups of initial cells. Through rounds of cell division, these initial cells give rise to the various tissues of the root and so there are usually vascular initials, pericycle initials, cortex initials etc. It is thought that the QC sends out signals to these initial cells to ensure that they remain in an initial state and keep dividing to produce whatever tissue they are responsible for. So, root apex has a zone of slow dividing cells in the middle of rapidly dividing cells, which is called as quiescent centre. 
  • Question 6
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    Cortex and pith are not distinguished in
    Solution
    The ground tissues in a dicot stem are well differentiated into the cortex, endodermis, pericycle and pith but are undifferentiated in monocot stem. Dicot stem has pith with thin walled parenchymatous cells but monocot stem lacks it. Primary dicot root has no or reduced pith, whereas a large pith, sometimes sclerenchymatous, is present in the monocot root.
    Thus, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 7
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    In a dicot root, the arrangement of xylem and phloem is
    Solution
    In dicot root vascular bundles are described as radial and tetrarch. There are four bundles each of xylem and phloem occurring alternately. Xylem is described as exarch. In radial vascular bundle the xylem and phloem tissues occur in separate groups on alternate radial positions. This is seen in roots. Thus, option C is correct. 
  • Question 8
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    A tissue is a group of cells, which are
    Solution
    A group of cells that share the common origin and are structurally and functionally alike constitute a tissue. For example, a group of immature cells with abundant cytoplasm, one or more nuclei and with the ability to divide forms meristematic tissues which in turn serve in growth and development of plants. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Shoot apex is protected by
    Solution
    Root cap is parenchymatous, cap-like multicellular structure that covers the root apical meristem. It secretes mucilage to lubricate the path of root in soil. Shoot cap is not found in any plant. Shoot apex has shoot apical meristem which is conical structure and gives rise to primordial leaves at intervals. The primordial leaves in turn protect the shoot apex. Calyptra is the protective covering of sporogonium which is sporophytic plant body of bryophyte. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 10
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    Annual growth rings are formed due to activity of
    Solution
    Intrafascicular cambium is present between xylem and phloem in dicot stem and roots. Pith rays, present between the edges of intrafascicular cambium, divide to form a new cambium strip between the two vascular bundle i.e., interfascicular cambium. Thus, inter and intra fascicular cambium together forms a complete cambium ring, called as vascular cambium, which forms secondary xylem on inner side and secondary phloem on outer side. 
    Differential cambial activity during autumn and spring season result in narrow and wide secondary xylem rings respectively, which together forms the annual growth ring. Thus, annual growth ring is derived from vascular cambium, which is the present between xylem and phloem in a vascular bundle and that’s why also termed as inter-stelar cambium. Thus, the correct answer is option B.
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